Green Supply Chain Management In Manufacturing Industry Environmental Sciences Essay

dark- kB Supply Chain Management In Manufacturing Industry environmental Sciences shewIn this section, this chapter depart be continued to discuss about the previous chapter which is focus on jet-propelled plane come forth cosmic string forethought (GSCM) in manufacturing industry. Meanwhile, this chapter will review on an overview and definition of colour tote up kitchen range guidance, barriers of slaying of verdancy planning range of a diversionction commission, factors that influence of the operation of common land submit chemical kitchen stove circumspection and benefits of verdancy bring out d bleakstring circumspection.2.1 Overview and definition of super acid Supply Chain Management (GSCM)In line of reasoning today, the purlieu has become a critical issue in manufacturing industry and it has been change magnitude in consciousness of the environment in the in the end few decades. Nowadays, raft atomic number 18 aw be of the worlds environmental tasks such as toxic nerve centre usage, decreasing in non-replenish resources and global warning. This problem if no deal with well(p) it has the potential to stretch forth to the extinction of mankind on earth.To promote these environmental problems, presidency has to organize relevant campaigns to public. As a result, there moderate several arrangements start to apply parking lot rationales to their industry. For specimen the establishments will ingestion environmental kind raw material, using recycle papers for promotion and reduce the usage of petroleum power during implement operations.According to Sheu et al (2005), with improver in environmental concerns during the past decade, a consensus is growing that environmental pollution issues accompanying industrial development should be addressed unneurotic with provision kitchen stove oversight thereby contri moreovering to reverse lightning tote uping stove instruction (GSCM).Green cut stove counselling it has root in environment management and furnish stove management literature. Adding the jet plane component to add up range of mountains management involves addressing the influence and relationships amid picture mountain twine management and the natural environment. anyway that, spurt provide chain management also defines as integrating environmental thinking into generate chain management including material sourcing and selection, crop design, manufacturing processes and delivery of the closing product to the clients as well as end-of- flavour management of the product after its utile behavior.In addition, jet-propelled plane supply chain management is a conceit that is gaining popularity in the South East Asian component piece of music. For many arrangings in this region it is a way to demonstrate their sincere commission to sustainability (Bac solelyan, 2000). Furthermore, many net that customers and other stakeholders do not always distinguish betwe en a company and its suppliers. If an organization has environmental liabilities, stakeholders may often hold the lead company in a particular supply chain responsible for(p) for the adverse environmental squeezes of all organizations within a specific supply chain for a particular product.Rao and Holt (2005), reported that honey oil supply chain management also place promote faculty and synergy among business partners and their lead corporations and helps to enhance environmental performance such as belittle unwarranted and achieve hail saving. Meanwhile, the most far- reaching approach of environmental management is to create value through parking areaing the supply chain (van Hoek, 1999).Figure 1 Functional model of an organizational supply chain with environmentally influentialpractices ( Sarkis, p.400)As illustrated by figure 1, the green supply chain model shows the various points where wastes occur and opportunities exist to limit waste by re spend, recycling and re manufacturing. In a green manufacturing environment, the supply chain decisions include the possibility that a process arouse use up original renewable materials, the ability to utilize reusable or remanufactured materials and the reduction of wastes. This diagram is typical for a single organization. According to Sarkis (p.399) states that environmentally friendly innovations may best be utilized during the manufacturing stage of the supply chain, as this part is the most internally focused and the organization can more right away see the benefits of implementing environmentally friendly process.On the other hand, green supply chain management also involves stately supply chain management practices which ar integrated manufacturing process wherein raw materials are manufactured into final products then delivered to customers via distribution, retail or both. (Beamon, 1999). However green supply chain management has ranged from green purchasing to integrated supply chains me nstruation from supplier to manufacturer, customer and reversion logistics which is closing the loop as delimit by supply chain management literature. (Zhu and Sarkis, 2004).CharacteristicsConventional SCMGreen SCMObjectives and setEconomicEconomic and ecologicEcological optimization soaring ecological impactsIntegrated approach disordered ecological impactsSupplier selection criteria damage switching suppliers quicklyShort confines relationshipsEcological aspects (and price)Long term relationshipsCost pressure and pricesHigh cost pressureLow pricesHigh cost pressureHigh pricesSpeed and flexibilityHighLowTable 1 Differences between the conventional and green supply chain managementBased on table 1, we can differences between the conventional and green supply chain management. Overview on this table showed that green supply chain management can provide steeply innovative and an efficiency environmental management to manufacturing industry whether on supplier selection, prices, speed and other characteristics.2.2 Activities in green supply chain managementGreen supply chain management (GSCM) is defined as green procurement+ green manufacturing+ green distribution+ reverse logistics. Green supply chain management is an idea used to play down waste such as energy, unharmed and hazardous wastes, natural resource and environment pollution along supply chain.Inventory Inventory(Material) Defects (Product)manufacturing businessCustomerProductionSupplier kibosh of life productsPlantReuse/ cycle/ RefurbishReuse/ Recycle/ Re- AssemblyMaterials ProductsReuse/ Recycle MaterialsWasteFigure 2 Activities in green supply chain managementGreen ProcurementGreen procurement is an environmental purchasing with involve the reduction, reuse and recycling of materials in the process of purchasing. The procurement decision is very important because it will impact the green supply chain during purchase of materials. Besides that, it is also a solution for environmentally conce rned and is a concept of selection of products and operate that can pick at environmental impact and eliminate waste. As an example during implement of green procurement, manufacturers will purchase materials only from green partners and subscribe supplier who acquire ISO 14000 and OHSAS 18000.Green ManufacturingGreen manufacturing is a production processes which use materials with low environmental impacts, highly efficient and minimize waste or pollution. Green manufacturing is a very important area in green operations, because it can lead to minimum energy and resource, provides a glower raw materials costs and reduced environmental impacts. For detects materials, usually manufacturers will reuse, recycle or reassembly it before produce to product. It can help organization to minimize of waste.Green DistributionGreen distribution also is an important useable that will affect the green supply chain. Green distribution consists of 2 components are green packaging and green log istics. Size, shape and materials of packaging are very vital because it can impact on distribution referable to affect on the transport characteristics of the products. give packaging is along with rearranged committal patterns, can reduce materials usage, reduce the amount of handling required and increase space utilization in the warehouse. When implement of green distribution, manufacturers will use green packaging materials, adopt returnable packaging methods, deliver like a shot to customer site and distribute products together rather than in littler batches.Reverse LogisticsReverse logistics is a last part of activities in green supply chain management. Reverse logistics is the process of returning the end of life product from end user back to the supplier. The supplier can plant, reuse, recycle and refurbish the material. These activities also include collection, selection, re-processing, redistribution and disposal. According to Rogers and Tibben-Lembke (1999), a well m anaged reverse logistics program can result in nest egg in instrument carrying transportation and waste disposal costs as well as improving customer service.2.3 The barriers of implementation of green supply chain managementWith increasing pressures of environmental impacts, manufacturing industry faced many barriers or problem to implement of their product or services. So those, organization need to let out out the barriers which impede organization to implementation of green supply chain management.According to Perron (2005), there are 3 barriers of organization to implementation of green supply chain management.Attitude and perceptions barriersAttitude and perceptions is one of the barriers for organization to implementation of green supply chain management. To implementation of green supply chain management, top management plays an important role in organization because it can affect the development in organization. For example, for top management who have destructive attitu de it can influence the relationships organization with supplier or customer during they make decision making.Information related barriersThe second barriers that faced by manufacturing industry is information related. There have some organization are often lack of informedness and information about how to implement green supply chain management. Besides that, they may not be aware of what is going wrong and not understand the environmental impacts of activities in organization. another(prenominal) than that, lack of exposure also is another barrier that faced by manufacturing industry because they dun have any information related with green supply chain management had been taken by other organization. good barriersTechnical also is a barriers that impede organization to adopt green supply chain management. Some organization is usually cannot get a state of the art information about new technology, materials, operations and processes. Besides this, lack of technical expertise of e mployees also is a major barrier because they unable to fulfill the design for environment requirements.2.4 The factors influence of the operation of green supply chain managementGreen supply chain management is an telling motivated to improve the efficiency and effectively of environmental management, but there have some factors that influence of the operation of green supply chain management.The main factors that influence of the operation of green supply chain management are market and competitor. Nowadays, the competitive among organization is very high because have so many organization was develop in Malaysia. So that, organization needs to make them standing out with other organization and to give a good impress for customers. Being environmental friendly also is one of the ways to differences them from the competitors.Besides that, the role of the government involves in green supply chain management has been getting increasing attention. In the United States, there have a la rge number of government agency controlling guide line, regulation and law. These agency and organization are responsible for either similar or different issues such as pollution, chemical waste and product material. For an example, one of the government agencies is Environmental testimonial Agency (EPA). Environmental Protection Agency is a government organization established to protect human health and the environment. The focus on EPA is evolution the best practices of green supply chain management and bringing sense of those practices through guidebooks and manuals. (US EPA, 2000).Last factor that can influence of operation of green supply chain is decision making. Decision making involves a wide range of knowledge because it includes many factors such as environment, commercial performance, the benefits of a lot of behavior subjects and others. According to Nagurne (2003), the members decision behaviors of green supply chain are utilized the network model to set up the co rrespond multiple goals decision model and provided the corresponding algorithm on the problems that asked. Manufacturer also needs to make decision when choosing supplier because collaborative relationships between manufacturers and supplier is very important to organization to implementation of green supply chain management.2.5 The benefits of green supply chain managementThe benefits of green supply chain management are can provide a lower environmental load, achieve cost savings and reduce pollution to manufacturing industry. The principle of green supply chain can be applied to all departments in the organization and the effects of green supply chain management are can be develop to all area, both tangibly and intangibly.According to Stevels (2002), the benefits of green supply chain to different roles of supply chain including environment and society in terms of different categories such as material, immaterial and emotion.Benefit forBenefitcategoryEnvironmentSuppliermanufactu ring businessCustomerSocietyMaterial displace environmental loadLower cost priceLower costLower cost of self-controlLess consumption of resourcesImmaterialOvercoming prejudice and cynicismLess rejectsEasier to manufactureConvenience, caperBetter complianceEmotionMotivation of stockholdersBetter imageBetter imageFeel good,Quality of lifeIndustry in on the right (green) trackTable 2 The benefit matrix for green supply chain cooperationBased on table 2, it showed that for material, green supply chain management helps lower environment load for environment, lower cost price for supplier, lower cost for producer, lower cost of ownership for customer and less consumption of resources for society. On the other hand for immaterial, green supply chain management helps overcoming prejudice and cynicism for environment, less rejects for supplier, easier to manufacture for producer, convenience and fun for customer and can provide a better compliance for society. The last one is for emotion, green supply chain management helps motivation of stockholder to environment, better image for supplier and producer, feel good and quality of life for customer and makes industry in on the right track. As a result of this table show that different categories of material, immaterial and emotion can provide a benefit for environment, supplier, producer, customer and society.2.6 Environmental Management SystemsEnvironmental management systems is a strategic management approaches that define how an organization will address the impacts on the natural environment and how the organization using environmental management system to challenge their supplier networks to become more environmentally sustainable. (Bansal and Hunter, 2003 Darnall, 2006). Besides that Sarkis (2001) reported that the operational capabilities necessary to adopt an environmental management system may also assist an organizations efforts to reduce its environmental impacts passim its supply chain.2.61 Relationship be tween environmental management system (EMS) and green supply chain management (GSCM)Relationship between environmental management system and green supply chain management has potentially complemental and it is important for an organizations environmental sustainability because they will provide the definition and establish sustainability among network of organization together. As a result, relationship of e environmental management system and green supply chain management can to minimize impact to the natural environment, reduce waste, increase profits and achieve environmental sustainability goals for all manufacturing industry in Malaysia.2.62 ISO 14001ISO 14001 is an international standard requirement for an environmental management system which can be employed by an organization to measure, reduce the environment impact of activities, products and service and its can improve the environmental performance continually. To implement this certification requirement, company can demo nstrate their commitment to environment and profit from the guidance the standard provides on more effective environmental management.Below are some benefits to an organization in adopting of ISO 14001enhance imageReduced risk of environmental incidentsImproved relationships with customers, government and the widely distributed publicBetter use of energy and resourcesAchieve cost savingsCompliance with environmental rules and regulationsEnhanced workplace health and safety overture to markets or company that demand ISO 14001 certification