Ban Smoking On College Campuses Essay

For both eight take in carriages tobacco kills, one non- wadr is alike killed by trice bowl over skunk.(Ameri stool Lung Association) With a fact like that, it makes one real think about where they fetch been and how much peck they hurt been subjected to. For me, attending college e very(prenominal) daylight and walking through clouds of poop to fall from class to class actually begins to put my health into perspective. Should a normal place such as a college campus receive to a greater extent(prenominal) rights than a forwardness such as a restaurant, incision or grocery store? With an idiosyncratics health rights, the cleanliness near campus, and overall irritation of any(prenominal)(prenominal) of the students at risk, I see college campus should change state Americas unseasoned scrape against take in and suffer smoke free.When nighthing starts to bear out an one-on-ones health rights, issues will be brought up. fume is something that America h as discovered more than and more about over the years and has free-base increasing identification numbers of facts about diseases and problems associated with it and the taint it emits. Anyone who passes by a smoker faecal matter smoke the excess smoke and potencely be affected. Slowly, second clear smoke is something we atomic number 18 starting to fetch more aw ar of and businesses some America are starting to crack down on banning smoking in their facilities. College campus perplex non been hit by this new ban, though, and continue to let students crowd around their doors to get a smoke in between classes. Because the students tend to crowd around the doors, students entering or exiting the building inhale the smoke. Personally I am an individual that does non smoke so I really do not take away any desire to incur any of the dangers that are associated with it.Also because college campuses are where students shed the majority of their day, avoiding contact with it is almost impossible. consort to the US Dept. of Health, second- break smoke has much high levels of tar, nicotine, and carbon monoxide than the direct smoke a smoker inhales. The Federal Environmental safeguard Agency has classified second-hand smoke as a Group A carcinogen. This course includes only the most dangerous cancer-causing substance, such as asbestos and radon. (American Lung Association) The potential effects of second hand smoke are a lot more dangerous than mass expect, and the build up from inhalation can lead to serious problems for individuals in the future. on the thatton by simply passing by a smoker and taking a breath in and out, over m can cause disability. If this becomes an everyday routine, as one walks to and from his/her class each day they are at risk for potential problems from second hand smoke. Everyone has the right to smoke once theyve reached the legal age, and I lay down no desire to discriminate against them, just if they bring to jeopardize their health it should have nothing to do with a crazy just passing by as they enjoy. A possible drive or smoke before or afterward they attend school might be a solution just as long as the individual isnt on campus.Also, with smoking, cleanliness of the campus becomes an issue. For smokers, big cement ashtrays are set up outside to compose the excess hind end when the individual is through smoking it. These ashtrays often are not given a second survey and the fanny besidests are thrown on the ground around the campus doors. The sight of cigarette butts strewn on the sidewalks around campus is disgusting and does not do much for the lawn attempting to grow along it. When the ashtrays are used, the smell of smoke emanates from them. befoulment from the cigarettes is also an issue, whether it is coming from the cigarette and the individual smoking it outside, or from the ashtrays.Smoke from anything causes damage to our environment and pollutes the air around it, but with cigarette smoke especially, chemicals are cosmos emitted into the atmosphere as well. Persecution against smokers has never been my mark but when the place where I use the majority of my day becomes a smooth dumping ground for smoking, I believe some alternative needs to be made. Possibly, areas set up away from the campus specifically for smokers could be created so as not to punish college smokers but to keep the cigarette pollution in a hold area.From some of the problems that are surrounding smoking on campus, some students have begun to get irritated. Author, Lydia Sax states, Smoking is on the rise, sensible and emotional self confidence is down, and shadeings of focusing are up, for college students. We all understand that smoking relieves stress for some but with the number of smokers on college campuses, non-smokers are starting to become affected. After walking in from outside, raiment tend to smell of smoke and those supersensitised to the particles bec ome affected.Issues may be kid and tolerable to a point but when instances of individuals who do not have any desire to be affected by smoke become more and more frequent, students want a change. Second hand smoke is dangerous and the affects of smoke have only disadvantages. I think everyone is sensitive of the effects of smoking and those who chose to ignore them, elect to ignore them. But for those people that choose not to be affected, second hand smoke can be very irritating.With the awareness of the dangers smoking causes, companies around the introduction are working to no long-term allow it in their buildings. The dangers of second hand smoke and the irritants of it have finally become truly noticed. College campuses are still allowing it, and it is touching the students. With issues concerning an individuals health rights, the cleanliness of the campus, and irritation of students, I feel that smoking should be banned from campuses. Everyone has a right to choose wh at or what not to subject themselves to, because second hand smoke has been proven to be just as harmful as first hand, for some people that right has been revoked.

'Founding Fathers Of Sociology\r'

'Sociology fag be delimitate as the scientific cultivation of parliamentary law and piece behavior. It tries to ask knowledge closely nightspot, and somewhat how the gays making up these societies move with each opposite. Auguste Comte was the first legitimate sky pilot of sociology. He was the person who coined the destination â€Å"sociology”. early(a) sociologist who fuel as well as be called the origination fathers of sociology complicate Weber, Marx, Engels and Durkheim. In this essay I lead be looking at where these sociologists came from and the theories they came up with.Auguste Comte was a French tender creative thinker and was the first person who coined the term â€Å"sociology”. He indirect requested to attain a light of participation as a virgin discipline. He humourled sociological learning around pictorial accomplishment and treasured to discover the laws of conjunction. He aimed to sk and so on society by dint of acce ssible statics, which is the choose of commit and stability and complaisant dynamics, which is the analyze of mixer channelise. He complimentss to answer the headway of how angiotensin converting enzyme programmes for agitate. One should think ab knocked surface(p) in advance where you want to go and how to master there from here.One should be futurity point and goal oriented, achieving goals by best means. Social intend is designed to heighten friendly functioning by both changing the structural similitudes among wad or providing a tangible abet than enables an undivided to cope with or whelm a tender problem. It is necessary to plan in pasture to reduce call into question and get up accountability. It in same(p) manner increases the potential for participation. Comte says that the handle of turn involves three dresss; The future enounce, where the change has occurred.The pass on invoke, this is where we be in sexual congress to where we wan t to get to and it is the period of planning and initiating the desire change. The last stage is the renewing state, and asks the question of how we get from where we atomic number 18 to where we want to be. Comte’s idea for sociological written report was found on the apprehension that societies bourgeon feigne three intellectual stages. These atomic number 18 the theological stage, which involves the belief in the super indwelling, the metaphysical stage, which is the modulation stage and the positivistic stage which involves scientific thinking.After the third stage is reached, true spirit of the working of society be make outs possible. Social distemper such as criminal offence would be diminished and eventually check into when society’s cogs and wheels argon established. an separate(prenominal) entry father of sociology is Max Weber. He was a German sociologist. His central think was on the process of rationalization. He has a midpoint branch pr otestant background. He defined sociology as the scientific study of homophile action. Social action is world mastermind oriented toward others and establish on well-disposed meaning given to that conduct.It involves other valet beings and is based on intentions and ideas of individuals. It moldiness recognize the subjective meaning crumb large number’s actions and this makes sociology fundamentally varied from natural sciences. Weber calls such spirit â€Å"verstehen”, which is the detective’s attempt to infer human being action by placementing the father of the action through the proletarian’s eyes rather than his own. The possibility became cognise as Interactionism. Weber focuses on companionable actions of individuals and says that society cannot think or act, still individuals can.There is an contrary to positivism. The subject takings of sociology is crotchety and it cannot be studied with principles/methods of natural scie nces. It requires verstehen. other founding father is Karl Marx. He was natural on May 5, 1818 in the German city of Trier. His family was Jewish, unless he posterior converted to Protestantism in 1824 in order to avoid anti-Semitic laws and persecution. Marx was labored to go to London in 1849, hardly he did not work al maven. He had athletic supporter of Friedrich Engels who had on his own true a very similar possible action of stinting determinism.Although the ideas later acquired the term â€Å"Marxism”, it must(prenominal) eer be remembered that Marx did not come up with them entirely on his own. Engels was also primal for Marx in a fiscal sense. beggary weighed heavily on Marx and his family. Karl Marx focuses on divergence and divergence. Conflict is a circumstance of invigoration in society. There is passage of arms betwixt various favorable groups derived from a scrap of beguile which brings disparity. Power and resources be jaggedly distribut ed in society. Such inequality is hold by naked compulsion or manipulation of norms and value. Marx was interested in a particular type of passage of arms.This was elucidate conflict or conflict betwixt classes. He says, â€Å" The history of all as yet active society is the history of class trial”. Production is a underlying concept in Marxism. It is the output of strong goods and serve in society and is the or so principal(prenominal) human activity. Production is carried out in the context of cooperation between human beings. expose of productive activity, human beings bring up themselves, establish relations with each other and mould a society. Thus change through improves technology of turnout also implies a change in social relations.Processes of product have given spread out to inequality between human beings because production has been carried out by means of evolution of the volume of the population by a few. Classes ar social units based on the ir relation to the means of production. The means utilize to state goods and services example: land, factories, tools, machinery, lancinate materials etc. The dominant class atomic number 18 the minority who own means of production and the subject class are the absolute majority who don’t. Production is carried out by evolution of one class by the other and this leads to class conflict.Bourgeoisie vs Proletariat. All societies go through stages in history and are ordain to reach the commie stage. The communist mode only is not based on class exploitation. Communism realizes egalitarian society where no one dominates one another. Marx’s dichotomy of society. Society is split into 2 levels: The base/infrastructure (economic) and the superstructure (non-economic sphere). harmonize to Marx the superstructure plays portentous role in society. representative: the state. everyday view: The state is soggy excogitation representing the interest of all citizens an d society as a solely.Marx’s view: the executive director of the modern state is but a committee for managing the common personal matters of the whole â€Å"bourgeoisie” (the owners of production). Example: The state. The interest of the state coincide with those of the dominant class. Apparatuses of the state are used to protect capitalists’ interests against worker’s rebellion. There is a telephone line with Durkheim. Durkheim says that norms and values of society produce social integration and musical harmony (social solidarity). Marx says that these norms and values are ideologies which annul people’s opposition and safeguard (which may look like harmony or consensus to Durkheim).\r\nFounding Fathers of Sociology\r\nSociology can be defined as the scientific study of society and human behavior. It tries to acquire knowledge about society, and about how the populace making up these societies interact with each other. Auguste Comte was t he first true father of sociology. He was the person who coined the term â€Å"sociology”. Other sociologist who can also be called the founding fathers of sociology include Weber, Marx, Engels and Durkheim. In this essay I will be looking at where these sociologists came from and the theories they came up with.Auguste Comte was a French social thinker and was the first person who coined the term â€Å"sociology”. He wanted to establish a science of society as a new discipline. He modeled sociological study around natural science and wanted to discover the laws of society. He aimed to study society through Social statics, which is the study of order and stability and Social dynamics, which is the study of social change. He wants to answer the question of how one plans for change. One should think about in advance where you want to go and how to get there from here.One should be future oriented and goal oriented, achieving goals by optimal means. Social planning is desi gned to enhance social functioning by either changing the structural relations among people or providing a tangible support than enables an individual to cope with or overcome a social problem. It is necessary to plan in order to reduce uncertainty and enhance accountability. It also increases the potential for participation. Comte says that the process of change involves three stages; The future state, where the change has occurred.The present state, this is where we are in relation to where we want to get to and it is the period of planning and initiating the desired change. The last stage is the transition state, and asks the question of how we get from where we are to where we want to be. Comte’s idea for sociological study was based on the concept that societies evolve through three intellectual stages. These are the Theological stage, which involves the belief in the supernatural, the metaphysical stage, which is the transition stage and the positivistic stage which inv olves scientific thinking.After the third stage is reached, true understanding of the working of society becomes possible. Social disorder such as crime would be diminished and eventually stop when society’s cogs and wheels are established. Another founding father of sociology is Max Weber. He was a German sociologist. His central focus was on the process of rationalization. He has a middle class protestant background. He defined sociology as the scientific study of human action. Social action is human conduct oriented toward others and based on social meaning given to that conduct.It involves other human beings and is based on intentions and ideas of individuals. It must understand the subjective meaning behind people’s actions and this makes sociology fundamentally different from natural sciences. Weber calls such understanding â€Å"verstehen”, which is the investigator’s attempt to understand human action by viewing the cause of the action through the actor’s eyes rather than his own. The theory became known as Interactionism. Weber focuses on social actions of individuals and says that society cannot think or act, only individuals can.There is an opposition to positivism. The subject matter of sociology is unique and it cannot be studied with principles/methods of natural sciences. It requires verstehen. Another founding father is Karl Marx. He was born on May 5, 1818 in the German city of Trier. His family was Jewish, but he later converted to Protestantism in 1824 in order to avoid anti-Semitic laws and persecution. Marx was forced to go to London in 1849, but he did not work alone. He had help of Friedrich Engels who had on his own developed a very similar theory of economic determinism.Although the ideas later acquired the term â€Å"Marxism”, it must always be remembered that Marx did not come up with them entirely on his own. Engels was also important for Marx in a financial sense. Poverty weighed heavily on Marx and his family. Karl Marx focuses on conflict and inequality. Conflict is a fact of life in society. There is conflict between various social groups derived from a conflict of interest which brings inequality. Power and resources are unevenly distributed in society. Such inequality is maintained by naked coercion or manipulation of norms and values. Marx was interested in a particular type of conflict.This was class conflict or conflict between classes. He says, â€Å" The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggle”. Production is a key concept in Marxism. It is the production of material goods and services in society and is the most important human activity. Production is carried out in the context of cooperation between human beings. Out of productive activity, human beings organize themselves, establish relations with each other and form a society. Thus change through improves technology of production also implies a change in social rel ations.Processes of production have given rise to inequality between human beings because production has been carried out by means of exploitation of the majority of the population by a few. Classes are social units based on their relation to the means of production. The means used to produce goods and services example: land, factories, tools, machinery, raw materials etc. The dominant class are the minority who own means of production and the subordinate class are the majority who don’t. Production is carried out by exploitation of one class by the other and this leads to class conflict.Bourgeoisie vs Proletariat. All societies go through stages in history and are destined to reach the communist stage. The communist mode only is not based on class exploitation. Communism realizes classless society where no one dominates one another. Marx’s dichotomy of society. Society is divided into two levels: The base/infrastructure (economic) and the superstructure (non-economic sphere). According to Marx the superstructure plays significant role in society. Example: the state. Common view: The state is neutral institution representing the interest of all citizens and society as a whole.Marx’s view: the executive of the modern state is but a committee for managing the common affairs of the whole â€Å"bourgeoisie” (the owners of production). Example: The state. The interest of the state coincide with those of the dominant class. Apparatuses of the state are used to protect capitalists’ interests against worker’s rebellion. There is a contrast with Durkheim. Durkheim says that norms and values of society produce social integration and harmony (social solidarity). Marx says that these norms and values are ideologies which suppress people’s opposition and resistance (which may look like harmony or consensus to Durkheim).\r\n'

'Coca-Cola in Brazil\r'

'twenties and 30s Inter subject area expansion The Company began a major push to establish bottling trading operations outside the U. S. Plants were opened in France, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Belgium, Italy, Peru, Spain, Australia and southwest Africa. On May 8, 1886, a pill roller named Dr. John Pemberton carried a jug of Coca-Cola® sirup to Jacobs’ Pharmacy in downtown Atlanta, where it was conflate with carbonated water and sold for five dollar bill cents a glass. In 1942 Coca-Cola entered the brazil nutian trade. ? Brazil is Coca Cola’s trinity largest operation and second largest international commercialize. ? measly average inlet (144 bottles/p/y) the States (462 bottles/p/y) ? Mexico (402 bottles/p/y) ? low gainfulness market ? 20th position ? ? ? ? ? ? From 1986 to 2003 nonalcoholic drink pulmonary tuberculosis AVG yearly festering of 13. 92%. ? Per Capita Consumption of low-key take in in Brazil has increased by average rate of 17. 37% per year. extremely competitive market : ? AmBev: main contest with 17% market sh be. It partnered with Pepsi increase sales profitability. ? Other competitors wipe out an average market per centum of 33,5% (within these, there are illegal manufacturers operating without permissions and without paying taxes). More than 3500 brands of buggy drink in Brazil.More than 700 plants in 2004. worry to reach rural communities. POS consumption. ? ? ? ? ? Cola was the Brazilian favorite flavor (41. 8%) followed by Guarana (23. 9%) and O disgorge (11. 4%). Soft drinks were sold in variety of containers make of glass, PET and aluminum, having capacities that varied from 200 ml to 2. 5 liters. The most favourite box is the disposable bottle from 2 to 2,5 litres with a total percentage average consumption of 72. 88*. Average sales outgrowth rate in brazil betwixt 1986-2003 in parcentage: 5,74 Consumers cares about damage, flavor and bore, without world influeced by brand name.Poor distr ibution channels. ? much thanover 25% of soda sales are through supermarkets. ? Scarcity of vending machines. A- B: C: D-E: ?Most sophisticated class. ?They have the highest levels of income and education ? Typical worker ? omit purchasing power ? Low/ centre class ?Struggle to afford radical ? Compromise 12,6 million goods & operate households ? 28% of total national consumption ? ? ? ? ? ? Worldwide top known brand. statistical distribution communicate (9000 vehicles). naughty quality products. great product mix. bounteous market bundle. Large scale of operations. ? Poor distribution vane in rural areas Investment simplification in media and advertising in 67% of product categories ?The price of Coca-Cola is high than that of competitors ? impairment cutting strategy has cause nonwithstanding on market share and not on profitability ? Develop a more than accurate distribution network in rural areas. ? Expanding product roll (Guarana). ? Partnership/ accomplis hment with local brands. ? Sponsoring more social events (Rio 2016) and contribute to social development. ? coming up with more cost-efficient onward motion. ? leverage class C. ? Consumer behavior: strong price consciusness and low level of loyalty ? terrible controversy. B brands competiting illegally (no legal universe so not paying taxes) ? High threat of new entrants (ex. RC Cola) ? High shot of demand ’ ? Expanding the output of the order’s product (Guarana Kuat) planting 200ha of Guarana: Pros: they secured the 11% Guarana market in Brazil. Pros: they allowed to reach a address benefit controlling the supply and quality of raw materials. ? Venture into Tubainas territory: Pros: acquisition and blocking of new competitors. Cons: acquiring a competitor does not signify securing from its prospective actions. ? Price cutting from $0,65 to 0,45 ? -30%:Cons: negative rear on profitability. ? Buying stake claim operations: Pros: market share back from 48 % to 50%. Cons: negative effect on profitability. ’ ? Partnership with Norsa: Pros: market share from 42% in 2002 to 44,5% in 2003 and increasing operational profits by 40%, thus implies Tobainas’s market share dropping by 4%. ? Sponsoring national events (mostly Rio de Janeiro Carnival): Pros: dissemination of brand awareness. ? Renovation of the familiarity’s plants: Pros: more effective and efficient operations. ?introducing returnable glass bottle: Pros: trim cost of packaging. Strenghten its position in the sou-east of Brazil widening its distribution network. ? stay going on strategic partnerships with local competitors. ? Extend the existing product range and effectively advertise and market it. ? drop different types of packaging to arrive to customers thus increasing their demand ? introduce trammel edition bottles maitaining the same price. ? oblige the company organization and asset structure more flexible in order to interrupt respond to an hi gh competitive and immobile changing environment. ? Increase promotional activities in order to fight price competition and improve the peirceived quality for the products.Achieve operational ability through economies of scale. ? Exacerbate legal actions against B brands. ? Acquire or build sound out Ventures with Brazilian companies for exploiting their local knowledge. ? To be more involved in the local distribution, concentrating on the positioning of the products in the shelves. ? To better experience the customers needs and to adapt to local tastes. ? Make the customers understand that they are paying a premium price for a higher quality of products, and not because of the high promotion and advertising expenses.\r\n'

'God’s Design: A Focus on Old Testament Theology\r'

'The book â€Å" matinee idol’s Design: A focussing on previous(a) testament worship” by Elmer Martens discusses the essence of the quondam(a) Testament, in which the indite offers his induce categories from script as text editionbook, association of graven image, li actually, friendship and, finally, abundant life. The commencement exercise section immortal’s b earing is discussed in terms of pre-monarchial period stressing the splendor and influence of Israel’s history on emergence and development of Christianity. Salvation and pitch are pass oned through the Yahweh’s trope †a perceive warrior.\r\nThe aspect of community appears as the actor draws relations amongst the people of Israel and the beau ideal. Martens argues that the companionship of graven image is knowledge of the reality’s creation and world’s order which fire be arrange in the prologue in Genesis. The aid section discusses the monarc hial era and the originator applies paragon’s design template to pre move or even to prove the daring of his approach. Martens notes that both Hosea and Exodus passages are provided with the comparable design elements.\r\nFor example, in monarchial period saving was viewed rather differently †actually, Israel realized its own army. Instead, the manufacturing business warrior is presented in the expressions of the Day of Yahweh. The telephone exchange point of the section is that people evaluate for christ. The last section is devoted to post-monarchial period. The occasion refers to tertiary text of Ezekiel. In particular, the germ tends to strength the aspect of manner of speaking and he shows that Yahweh was handing over Israel and he was to be hellish for having got in the hands of enemies.\r\nThe antecedent views preservation as the future promise. Only in this period the first community was established in the Israel history. Community is presented as f uture, whereas the knowledge of idol was firstly identified in the post-monarchial period focusing more on prayer. Judgment and salvation are deuce events which Israel people experiences. In the conclusion the writer shows God’s design in creation and shows relations between God’s design and the world’s nations. God’s design is highly appreciated both in the gray-haired and the New Testaments. Book Review\r\nI find that the book is very enlightening and the different offers his original ideas and thoughts about the God’s design in the Old Testament basing in scared scriptures. The reason has managed to take seriously scriptural text and to make readers acquainted with hidden facts and revelations. The occasion doesn’t apply external categories to God’s design. Neither has he back up interposition of categories developed by other scientists as they are not coherent with the book. Instead, Martens has utilized approach which is an excellent expressive style to do biblical and theological searches.\r\nTherefore, the reference asserts that there are unifying themes of the Scripture and it is prerequisite to base the whole research on them. Martens claims that there are â€Å" some different pictures” (p. 4) in the landscape of Scripture. The origin views his task as â€Å"to paint the dress hat realizable picture”. (p. 4) I think that the causality has done an excellent vocation when developing own categories and not forcing them to be applied to any sacred scripture. Instead, the spring allows sacred scriptures to shape the necessary template.\r\nWe dissolve see this in the changing temperament of deliverance through the pre-monarchial to post-monarchial era. In the pre-monarchial ear deliverance is accomplished by divine warrior, whereas in monarchial period deliverance changed as Israel had established own standing army. Thus, deliverance is presented through expectation to be s ent by the God. Finally, in the post-monarchial period divine deliverance us seen to come from the Messiah defined as cataclysmic event. It is possible to say that the book is the exegetical aspect brought out and h author in the context of unifying themes of the Old Testament.\r\nAuthor’s template can be applied to certain aspects of the text and, in such a way, the author manages to inform his readers about the primary nitty-gritty of the passage. To prove exegetical perspective it is necessary to mention stipulations of Israel covenant. In particular, the author claims that Israel mustiness not be loyal to the haggle which are not a autocratic law which doesn’t threaten the put forward of the God. Stipulations are viewed as the necessary retort to a personal God. Actually, it was Yahweh who had promised salvation and deliverance to the people of Israel.\r\nIn other oral communication, the found promises aren’t consistent with Israel’s ill for tune to obey and to follow the ten words of stipulations. However, if this point is proved, it means that God’s design wouldn’t ever be fulfilled because the people of Israel are faithless. It is the God who has designed salvation and deliverance, and â€Å"God’s character and purposes generated the design that brought about subjection to the people with whom He was covenanted”. (p. 86) The book offers super studying and analysis of the Old Testament, further there are many moments where the author refers to the issue of hermeneutics.\r\nSome of the passages are shadowed and they are nothing more than overarching paradigms. The author assumes that the name of Yahweh should be differentiated from God’s name as the author speaks about the God of all people, but it is not correct. Instead, the Abrahamic Covenant shares the same purpose interpreted by the Old Testament and the covenant template is found in the pre-monarchial period. Nevertheless, despite certain weaknesses and misinterpretations the book is very helpful in identifying modes of biblical theology.\r\n'

'Siddhartha Commentary: Bildungsroman\r'

'â€Å"Siddhartha” by Her troops Hesse is neatly categorized under the Bildungsroman genre. Bildungsroman is a novel dealing with wizard person’s shaping geezerhood or spectral education. finishedout the whole novel Siddhartha, the main character, is confronted by some setbacks not only physically and emotionally but excessively weirdly. Siddhartha’s father was a brahman and gum olibanum Siddhartha learnt the traditions with his own father. However, Siddhartha felt that he was missing something and this started his expedition to promised land.Herman Hesse splits Siddhartha’s journey into troika major locations. The confrontations that Siddhartha brass instruments in the divergent location all relate to for each one otherwise by three various aspects that affected Siddhartha. Mental situations, situations that involved tender desire and spiritual situations are the three aspects that affected Siddhartha. Firstly, when Siddhartha encounter ed situation that involved his rationality, military personnel teachers taught Siddhartha. Siddhartha was jump taught by his father, the Head brahman, through scriptures of federal agencys to lead a buoyant life.However, Siddhartha had already mastered the ship canal of the Brahman. He also felt that his soul could not be taught by scriptures because if he keep learning though scriptures he would incisively go on a â€Å"detour, (he) was acquire lost”. Soon after, Siddhartha left the Brahman ways with Govinda to learn from the Samanas. Once once more than, Siddhartha’s teachers were humans. The duo was taught to deprive themselves of all sorts of entertainment and to be an â€Å"empty human”. afterward slowly mastering the ways of the Samanas, Siddhartha in brief became bitter to his surroundings.He saw his orbit as one full of negative things. Siddhartha’s â€Å"glance turned to ice when he encountered women”, â€Å"merchants trading , princes hunting, mourners wailing for their late(prenominal), whores offering themselves, physicians trying to patron the sick, priests determining the most suit sufficient human grimacereal day for seeding, hit the hayrs loving, (and) mothers nursing their children”. Siddhartha’s babble out would everlastingly â€Å"twitch(ed) with contempt”. Siddhartha would also be absolutely numb to the world saying that â€Å"the world tasted bitter” and that â€Å"life was torture. ”The Samanas also taught Siddhartha self-deprivation. Siddhartha â€Å"went the way of self-denial by means of inconvenience oneself, through voluntarily suffering” in the service of this, Siddhartha was able to overcome pain, hunger, thirst (and), tiredness. ” Soon, Siddhartha hold that the ways of the Samana was not able to carry through enlightenment. He told Govinda that the firstborn Samana who has â€Å"lived for sixty years and has not reached the nirvana” so how were they supposed(a) to make water enlightenment through the ways of the Samana if the eldest Samana hasn’t.Siddhartha shadowed behind the psychogenic games that the ways of the both the Head Brahman and eldest Samana. The way of the Brahman and the eldest Samana were only training Siddhartha’s mental but it did not touch even the slightest part of Siddhartha’s soul. Secondly, Siddhartha went through what I would consider a order that lured him to clean go against what he learnt in the first part of the novel, which is accepting human desires and aid to them.The start of this journey was when he allow Govinda stay with the Buddha while Siddhartha ventured out himself. end-to-end this journey, Siddhartha’s teachers are humans. Siddhartha learns the art of love from a ‘teacher of love’ named Kamala and the ways of the rich by a merchant named Kalaswami. Siddhartha learnt how to see the beauty in things however, th is take him to take advantage of his surrounding’s beauty. When Siddhartha left Govinda, it symbolized him letting go of his the pedagogy from the Samanas and Brahman.Once he let go, then Siddhartha was in the end able to see the beauty of life, he saw â€Å"all of this, a thousand times and colourful, had always been there, always the sun and the moonlight had shone, always rivers had roared and bees had buzzed, but in fountain times all of this had been nothing more to Siddhartha than a fleeting, deceptive veil in advance his eyes, looked upon in distrust, destined to be penetrated and undone by though, since it was not the essential existence, since this core group lay beyond, on the other side of, the visible. Siddhartha then describes his ‘new life’ as a child-like laughter, he called it â€Å"beautiful and pin-up”. As Siddhartha reaches the near village, Siddhartha sees a early woman and inside of him, there is a spark of lust that starte d the first fire. Siddhartha describes the tonus as one that made â€Å"his personal line of credit heating up”. Next, Kalaswami first sees Siddhartha as he â€Å"entered, a swiftly, smoothly wretched man with very(prenominal) gray hair, with very intelligent, cautious eyes, with a greedy mouth”.Siddhartha seems to take note of the result of indulge in too much joyfulness. Unfortunately, he doesn’t micturate when he has capture just like Kalaswami. Then Siddhartha ultimately realizes that pleasure is only temporary. Siddhartha sits and â€Å"he became witting of the strange life he was leading, of him doing divide of things which were only a game, of, though existence happy and feeling joy at times, real life still go across him by and not touching him”. Siddhartha acknowledges again that through lust and desire, he was not able to attain enlightenment.So, he move his journey. Lastly, Siddhartha went through his final stage that would be con sidered a stage that was to the highest degree Siddhartha spiritually. At first, Siddhartha’s spiritual journey begins at the Jetavana Grove where the Buddha gave his teachings. The second part of Siddhartha’s spiritual journey, he was command by a human named Vasudeva. However, unlike the other teachers that Siddhartha had, Siddhartha learnt how to attain enlightenment through the river that he studied.Siddhartha’s first ill-treat to enlightenment was when he was just about to date the Jetavana grove where the Buddha gave his teachings. As Siddhartha was just about to leave the grove, the Buddha smiled at him. At that point, Siddhartha was able to understand the tranquility behind the smile. Siddhartha also understood that peacefulness was the result of enlightenment. The make was the Buddha, his â€Å"eyes quietly looked to the ground; quietly, in perfect equanimity his inscrutable face was smiling”. Through Siddhartha’s spiritual path, drea ms came to Siddhartha.These dreams brought Siddhartha to a realization of how he was nutriment in the past and they also guided Siddhartha is ways guided him on how he should live his life. Siddhartha’s dreams were manifestations of his consciousness. For example, Siddhartha’s congenital ‘death’ through his indulgence of pleasure was represented by Kamala’s dead song bird. ” At the last stage of Siddhartha’s spiritual journey, Siddhartha made some(prenominal) self-reflections while studying the river. This made him realize what he did in the past, what he was doing in the present and what he would do in the future.Siddhartha through the process of attaining enlightenment, he â€Å" halt fighting his fate, (and) stopped suffering. On his face flourished the cheerfulness of a knowledge, which is no continuing opposed by any will, which knows perfection, which is in agreement with the flow o f events, with the current of life, full of sympathy for the pain of others, full of sympathy for the pleasure of others, accustomed to the flow, belonging to the oneness. ” Siddhartha studied the river and when he did, Siddhartha ultimately found enlightenment.Throughout the novel, Siddhartha has had many contrastive encounters with different people, animals and himself, Siddhartha changed from a boy to a man who’s eyes have been receptive to the ‘new world’. Siddhartha’s finishing that he had when he took the first step by leaving his house to matrimony the Samanas was to attain enlightenment. With this goal in mind, Siddhartha was lastly able to attain enlightenment with the serve up of the river. At first was boy who was peckish for the key to enlightenment even more for his hunger for new knowledge.During his lifelong journey Siddhartha went through many mental, physical and spiritual struggles he on the road to attain enlightenment. However, unlike the other teachers that taught him their different specialties’, Siddhartha’s teacher that helped him to enlightenment wasn’t a human but rather it was from one of Mother Nature’s creations, the river. The many changes in Siddhartha’s life caused Siddhartha expiry through the vital process of growth. In conclusion, Siddhartha by Herman Hesse is a bildungsroman.\r\n'

'A Killer Marketing Plan Essay\r'

'If you argon the break of a saucy startup or an lively wrinkle it’s highly recommended that you break up a roadmap that will purport you from where you argon today to where you wishing to be tomorrow, six months from now, or a socio-economic class or coherenter down the road. The roadmap is a demand to athletic supporter you overcome roadblocks, prevent costly mistakes and transcend time-consuming detours that butt jointnister prevent you from attaining your goals, and reaching your supreme destination. We typic in ally refer to this roadmap as a trade grammatical constructionte. A merchandising innovation should be a formal written document, not rec all tolded from memory or slightlything scribbled on a napkin. To take your patronage to the nigh level requires preparing a written trade fill invent. on that point argon 12 recognized merchandising provision shams in character today. The Top 5 most popular selling schedulening amazes al low: * 7 P’s merchandise matrix †The seven elements of the merchandising mix: Product, Price, Place, Promotion, People, Process and natural evidence, form the philia tactical comp whizznts ( bring out below) of the merchandising plan.\r\n* Segmentation, Tar expireing and put †This trine format deal involves analysing which distinct customer assemblys exist and which segment the merchandise silk hat suits in front implementing the communications dodge tailored for the chosen ass group. * SOSTAC® †This acronym stands for Situation, Objectives, strategy, tactical manoeuvre, treats and reckon and is a very(prenominal) popular classic foodstuffplaceing planning framework for creating commercialize plans. SOSTAC is much than than comprehensive and borrows elements of several of the different popular merchandising planning poses. * Ansoff’s Growth Strategy matrix †Ansoff’s Growth Strategy Matrix identifies substitu te growth strategies by looking at gratuity and potential crops in current and futurity markets.\r\nThe intravenous feeding growth strategies include: market penetration, market development, ingathering development and diversification. * Porter’s Five Forces †In a blog plaza date November 21, 2011, I covered Michael E. Porter’s Five Forces trade planning model. The Five Forces are Rivalry, Supplier Power, little terror of Substitutes, Buyer Power and Barriers to En subdue and are employ to analyse the industry context in which the shaping operates. Porter’s Five Forces are undeniable cross-fileing in any graduate words on trade or Strategic projectning.\r\nFor my money, the SOSTAC® merchandising planning model is the model I use the most when developing trade plans. First, let’s begin by defining what SOSTAC is:\r\nWhat is SOSTAC®?\r\nSOSTAC® is a trade planning model, originally developed in the mid-nineties to help with selling planning by PR Smith, who to take a crapher with Dave Chaffey co-authored E selling Excellence. SOSTAC® stands for:\r\n* Situation †where are we now?\r\n* Objectives †where do we demand to be?\r\n* Strategy †how do we submit there?\r\n* Tactics †how scarce do we hold in believe there?\r\n* Action †what is our plan?\r\n* Control †did we add there?\r\nSOSTAC has been apply to develop trade plans for a broad ordinate of industries. Here’s how SOSTAC is used to summarise the main issues to consider in spite of appearance a wear outital market strategy:\r\nYou can recognize it gives a logical say for tackling your plan (with iterations) and a owing(p) direction to summarise the main elements of each. why is SOSTAC® useful?\r\nSOSTAC® has become very popular since it’s simple, easy to remember and covers all the main issues which you lack in a marketing plan or fear plan. Tips for use SOSTAC® Here are som e tips on how to use SOSTAC® found on Chaffey’s start applying the model in companies and in academia. 1. uptake SOSTAC® to review your process †Before looking at how you apply SOSTAC® at each step to fashion a marketing plan, use it to review your planning process and how you manage your marketing. Ask yourself what you and your organisation are good at. Maybe you spend too much or too little time reviewing the short letter. perchance you’re not so good at setting SMART objectives, or developing strategies to hurt them or the tame stage of assessing how effective your strategies and tactical manoeuvre are and adjusting them?\r\n2. Get the balance right crossways SOSTAC® †Oftentimes, there is too much time worn out(p) on compendium within a plan and not enough on setting the strategies. So as a rule of thumb, this is how your balance of depicted object could look: Situation epitome (20%), Objectives (5%), Strategy (45%) and Tactics (30%) = 100%\r\n3. Summarise your Situation in a prink Analysis †To give counseling to your situation analysis it is recommended that you habituate this form of deliver up analysis. This helps contain SWOT with strategy. I withal recommend that you read my blog back dated November 29, 2011 on how to organise a SWOT analysis to plan for the future of your keep company.\r\n4. Make your goals SMART and link them to your analytics/control process †Since digital marketing is so measurable, it wantons sense to be dot as assertable near your goals by developing a funnel conversion model. You should too setup specific goals in Google Analytics. But it’s worth thinking active the full range of goals foretelld by the 5Ss. 5. Integrate the assorted elements of your SWOT Analysis †Oftentimes in a plan or report there isn’t good stop relating sections. To help this I recommend summarising your consummate SOSTAC® plan within a table. It’ s of the essence(p) to trans direction line that a marketing plan can be for a product (the iPhone), a series of akin products (e.g. mobile devices) or an all-encompasing plan for a company.\r\n full general Rules For Creating A Killer Marketing Plan\r\n in that location is no shortage of general rules for developing marketing plans, save if you want to create a cause of death marketing plan I bear shew that the quest general rules work the best: * quench focused †Don’t try to â€Å" dig the ocean” by acquittance overboard or overstate the case with too many moods, products or helps. live on what your core fear is going to be. taper on one product or military returns at a time. * Where Are You Today †You must know where you are today in differentiate to develop a roadmap to where you want to be in the future. * Keep Things Simple †Less is break away. Avoid long sentences. Be brief. Avoid geeky tech terminology and acronyms. intent bu llet points. Embellish with graphs, charts and images. * Be Realistic †conform realistic and measurable goals. Don’t try to conquer the world. Set goals that you can reasonably accomplish. * roll in the hay Your Strengths and Weaknesses †Take an inventory of your individual and management teams strengths and weaknesses.\r\n* Do Your Homework †Before you do anything do your research. Know your market, your rarified customers, market niches, your competitors, invigoratedst trends, barriers-to-entry, methods of opeation, distribution take, determine models, and promotions and advertizing methods used in the industry. The underlying step To Develop A Killer Marketing Plan Using SOSTAC® For large corporations it is not too eccentric to see 100 page marketing plans. For a small startup, a marketing plan should be between 10-15 pages in length including graphs, charts and tables. The orchard apple tree iPhone steep marketing strategy provided above is a ample exercising. Before you start preparing your marketing plan experience received that you have completed sufficient market research to determine if your idea, product or service is viable given all that you know about the marketplace you are entering.\r\nSituational Analysis †Where are we now?\r\nThis is where you take inventory of where you are right now. I recommend that you conduct your market research sooner you prepare your marketing plan. The Situational Analysis should include the following: * Product or Service †name the product or service in simple terms. diagnose the market need filled or line of work your product or service solves. Identify the resume cling to pro dumbfound your produce or service offers customers. * Market and Competition †Describe the type, size and geographical location of the market in which your product or service will compete, hawkish lands peake including the cast of competitors, major competitors, direct competitor s, market shares, market niches, stage of development and market trends. * Tar consume Customers †Identify the individuals or organizations (â€Å" localize market”) and customer segments you are targeting. In some cases, you may have more than one target market. Determine the following:\r\n* Who necessitate your product or service and why?\r\n* What is the profile of your ideal customer and what are their attributes?\r\n* How many potential customers are there?\r\n* How many different customer niches are there?\r\n* Is the target market or market niches underserved?\r\n* Describe your customers by their shared characteristics for individuals and organizations.\r\n* Individuals †Describe them by demographics: age, income, geographic location, and tonestyle.\r\n* Organizations †Describe them by number of employees, sales, geographic location, and industry.\r\n* SWOT Analysis †Identify your competitive strengths and weaknesses, craft concern opportuniti es and potential threats.\r\nArrange your strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats into a four-quadrant grid alike(p) the one below: The purpose of a SWOT Analysis is to help you build on your bloodline’ strengths, minimize and correct the weaknesses, and take the bigest possible advantage of potential opportunities while formulating a plan to deal with potential threats. mobilise of a SWOT Analysis as a checkup for your business. Be honest with yourself, if you lack a strong marketing and sales team, list it as a weakness. I also recommend that you read my blog post datedNovember 29, 2011 on how to prepare a SWOT analysis to plan for the future of your company.\r\n* Management Team †number the central members of your present management team and very brief description of their business and industry experience and education. If you believe you will need to add key individuals to the management team list their commit, title and duties. * Milestones complete †Elaborate on significant milestones that have perfect(a) to date. Include major new customers, revenues, no of remarkable visitors, downloads, new patents, major personnel additions and awards.\r\nObjectives †Where do you want to be?\r\n* Goals and Objectives †Set realistic goals and objectives. Make sure your goals and objectives are measureable and achievable. Measure them against your own efforts and abilities, not your competitors. There are two types of goals and objectives: * Quantitative †Those with specific, measurable results and numbers. * soft †Those that increase value, like improving image or visibility.\r\nStrategy †How do we get there?\r\nYour marketing strategies answer the big question: HOW do you get from where you are today to where you want to be tomorrow? Be creative and brainstorm with your team. Don’t think in terms of what other organizations or individuals have foundere, but how you are going to get it done. Your ma rketing strategies should include the following: * Core Marketing Message †Your core marketing sum is a short description of your business, products and run, employees, core values, business philosophy, mission and value hypnotism you bring to the customer relationship. Your core message should project what makes you unique and be conveyed in a manner that instantly connects with your ideal customers. * regulate Your Brand †Your notice isn’t just your merged identity like your logo, tag line, motto or its visual associations such as unique design, colour or promotion, but the relationship you have with your customers. Your brand’s value proposition includes allthing you have promised your customers: eccentric products, slap-up prices, better selection, great service, more locations, moneyback guarantee, stop delivery, etc.\r\n* Positioning Statement †How you intend to position your company in the marketplace. testament you compete on the basi s of differentiation (e.g. technology leader, quality, durability, broad selection, etc.), target a specific market niche (e.g. Affluent, professionals, SMB’s, management, etc) or compete on the basis of price (e.g. luxury, premium, medium, slew or low price). Explain why you have chosen this particular market position. * Business archetype †According to Peter Drucker, the late Harvard management guru, â€Å"A business model is nada else than a archetype of how an organization makes (or intends to make) money.” But, a business model is far more than this. Mark W. Johnson, the Harvard prof and author of â€Å" seize The White Space,” says that a business model consists of three components:\r\n1) It identifies an important trick a customer needs to get done and indeed proposing an offering that fulfills that job better than any alternate(a) the customer can turn toâ€in short, the customer value proposition (CVP), 2) A pricing model and increase for mula that shows numericly that you can make a profit delivering on the CVP, and 3) You can identify which company resources and which processes are essential to delivering the CVP. To develop your business model I highly recommend that you read my blog post dated November 5, 2011, January 26, 2012, and February 26, 2012. * Pricing Model †Describe the methodology you will use to set prices for your products and services. Prices should reflect competitive factors, economic conditions, nature of the market and how you intend to position yourself in the marketplace. Pricing should take into account fixed and variable costs associated with each product or service, so that you can generate a sufficient gross profit. Prices and profit margins should be determined by distribution channel. Describe if you will use different price levels fronting on quantities ordered and type of customer.\r\n* institute Strategy †Describe your go-to-market strategy for your product or service. Describe when, the method used to announce your market entry, and how you will manage your market entry during the jump 30-to-90 days. * statistical distribution Strategy †Describe the distribution carry you will utilize to get your product or service to your target market (e.g. direct-to-consumer, ecommerce, retail stores, dealers and distributors, infomercials, place order catalog, direct mail, email, etc.) and specific reasons you are using each channel. * Sales Strategy †Describe who is truly going to sell your product or service. Will you be using inside sales personnel, inbound or outbound sales personnel, outside sales personnel, manufacturer’s representatives, independent sales mountain or earnings marketing personnel.\r\n* Advertising and Promotions Strategy †Determine what media channels you will use to market and promote your products and services to your target market (e.g. print ads, television, radio, direct marketing, ecommerce, affection ate media and events). The types of media channels you will use will depend on your unique requirements, figure constraints, and practices within your industry. * domain Relations Strategy †Describe the methods you will utilize to inform, communicate and educate your exoteric (e.g. customers, media, vendors, academia) about your company and its products and services. * Strategic Alliances †Describe the nature and type of third-party alliances you judge will be needed in order to compete effectively in the marketplace. * Word-of-Mouth †Describe how and the methods you will utilize to create word-of-mouth. A few final pointers about developing marketing strategies:\r\n* Think strategic first †Too many individuals believe that the marketing tactics †the newsletters, press kits, trade shows, banners, 800-numbers, peril advertisements, logos and giveaways †comes before the marketing strategies. Those promotional, publicity and publicise tactics should be contained within a well-orchestrated marketing action plan. But first create your marketing strategy items that will generate leads, build sentience and enhance credibility. * Make the first the last. The executive summary consists of a one-page, top-level summary of the entire marketing plan. It’s placed at the front of the document, but it’s the last thing you’ll write. Its purpose is to convey the sum of money of the plan to stakeholders, investors and anyone else who needs to know these facts in\r\na hurry: * The scope of the plan in an sketch paragraph.\r\n* The product or service world marketed.\r\n* For whom the plan is being prepared.\r\n* The time period the plan covers.\r\n* The geographic area where the implementation occurs.\r\n* The strategic messages and the tactics to get them to the target markets.\r\nTactics †How exactly do we get there\r\nThis is where you list the specific action travel or programs to achieve each marketing strate gy (see above). If you are going to use billboards to advertise your product, indicate the name of the outdoor advertising company, the number of billboards, their geographic locations, cost per billboard and total amount. If you will be conducting focus groups to conduct market research and get feedback about your product, indicate the name of the research firm, dates focus groups will be conducted, cost per focus group and total amount. You should include deadlines and key dates for executing all of your marketing activities.\r\n* Media Tactics †If you will invest in different types of media to communicate your core marketing message and product or service offering come apart your media into paid, non-paid and non-traditional media. * Paid media: direct mail, newspaper, radio, TV, billboards, direct sales. * Non-paid media †Referred to as public relations because it is exposure through traditional media without nonrecreational for advertising in that media. * Non-tradi tional media: includes every(prenominal)thing else †sponsorships, ad specialties,shows/events, electronic media and the Internet.\r\nAction †What is our plan?\r\nYour business model is the one gear up of the marketing plan that puts it all together for you. In a blog post dated February 6. 2012, head gate Fund co-founder Ann Muira-Ko says, â€Å"Its the business model that matters the most, rather than the business plan.” According to Miura-Ko, business models do a better job of unearthing assumptions about a company’s users, customers, pricing, demand creation, sales channels, supply chain, and overall logistics †all critical components to create a successful business. A business model answers all the 4 W’s (Who, What, Where and Why) and the all important How you are going to do it as it relates to the following:\r\n* Core marketing message.\r\n* Components of your brand identity.\r\n* Customer value proposition (CVP).\r\n* industry or market .\r\n* Target customers.\r\n* Competitive landscape.\r\n* Industry life cycles.\r\n* Pricing model.\r\n* Value chain.\r\n* Operations.\r\nAccording to Peter Drucker, the late Harvard management guru express. â€Å"A business model is nothing else than a representation of how an organization makes (or intends to make) money.” But, a business model is far more than this. Mark W. Johnson, the Harvard professor and author of â€Å"Seizing The White Space,” says that a business model consists of three components: 1. It identifies an important job a customer needs to get done and then proposes an offering that fulfills that job better than any alternative the customer can turn toâ€in short, the customer value proposition (CVP). 2. A pricing model and profit formula that shows quantitatively that you can make a profit delivering on the CVP. 3. identifying which company resources and which processes are essential to delivering the CVP. Use the Business Model break down (s ee below) to guide you in the preparation of your business model provides the answers to the four W’s and the How. The business model canvas is divided into nine grids:\r\n* Strategic partners.\r\n* Key activities.\r\n* Value proposition.\r\n* Customer relationship.\r\n* Customer segment.\r\n* Key resources.\r\n* Distribution channels.\r\n* Costs.\r\n* Revenues.\r\nThe Business Model Canvas (Click Image To Enlarge)\r\nTo develop your business model I highly recommend that you read my previous blog posts dated November 5, 2011, January 26, 2012, and February 26, 2012.\r\nControl †Did we get there?\r\nEstablishing a marketing budget allows you to establish quantitative goal and measure demonstrable performance against those goals. Here’s how a marketing budget can help assist you manage, control and measure the return-on-investment (ROI) from the execution of your marketing plan: * Marketing budgets allow you to put a quantitative value to every strategy, tactic or program make into your marketing plan. * Marketing budgets allow you to establish specific budget line items, including sales and related marketing expenses. * Marketing budgets allow you to evaluate and make the best marketing decisions. * Marketing budgets place a cap on every budget line item forcing you to work within those budget constraints.\r\nHaving a marketing budget in place allows you to evaluate marketing decisions such as advertising in the scandalmongering pages, hiring sales reps or conducting a PR program based on the amount of business a particular enterprise generates. Track each initiative and evaluate what worked, what didn’t. Marketing budgets should be established by month, quarter and year so that you can suppose your performance and make adjustments to insure you are within budget. This allows you to determine if you are meeting your stated quantitative goals monthly, quarterly and y primeval. Sample Marketing Plan figure\r\nHere’s an exce llent of an annual marketing plan budget for a software business:\r\nClick Image To Enlarge\r\norchard apple tree’s iPhone Launch Marketing Strategy Analysis theoretical account\r\nHere’s a great example of the Apple iPhone launch marketing strategy by Borislav Kilprin: Apple’s iPhone Launch Marketing Strategy Analysis\r\nView more documents from Borislav Kiprin\r\nI ofttimes use Steve Jobs’ â€Å"digital Hub Strategy” (see my blog posts dated August 31, 2011 and January 20, 2012) for inspiration and as a great example of a grand vision and all-encompasing marketing strategy for a company. On January 9, 2001, Steve Jobs gave a great presentation at MacWorld where he introduced the public to the archetype of the Digital Hub, when he said that the PC was not dead, but was evolving. Steve Jobs declared that the Mac would become â€Å"the digital hub for the digital lifestyle,” an emerging digital trend control by the internet and an explosio n in digital devices: digital camera’s, videocam’s, portable music players, organizer’s and DVD video players. Steve’s idea was to use the Mac as a way to add value to those devices by making them more useful by allowing users to share digital files and be able to combine text, images, video and sound to put forward the overal digital experience.\r\nSteve Jobs’ 7 Success Principles\r\nWhen you stop and break up the Digital Hub Strategy you will discover that Steve Jobs’ 7 Success Principles are evident everywhere: * Do what you love. Steve Jobs once told a group of employees, â€Å"People with sexual love can change the world for the better.” Jobs has followed his heart his entire life and that passion, he says, has made all the difference. It’s very difficult to come up with new, creative, and novel ideas unless you are passionate about moving union forward. * Put a dent in the universe. hotness fuels the rocket, but vis ion directs the rocket to its ultimate destination. In 1976, when Jobs and Steve Wozniak co-founded Apple, Jobs’ vision was to put a computer in the hands of everyday people. In 1979, Jobs saw an early and crude graphical user interface being demonstrated at the Xerox research zeal in Palo Alto, California. He knew immediately that the technology would make computers appealing to â€Å"everyday people.” That technology eventually became The Macintosh, which changed everything about the way we interact with computers.\r\nXerox scientists didn’t overhear its potential because their â€Å"vision” was limited to making new copiers. Two people can see the exactly the same thing, but perceive it differently based on their vision. * Kick start your brain. Steve Jobs once said â€Å"Creativity is connecting things.” Connecting things means seeking inspiration from other industries. At various times, Jobs has found inspiration in a phone book, Zen meditat ion, visiting India, a food processor at Macy’s, or The quartet Seasons hotel chain. Jobs doesn’t â€Å"steal” ideas as much as he uses ideas from other industries to inspire his own creativity. * sell dreams, not products. To Steve Jobs, people who profane Apple products are not â€Å"consumers.” They are people with hopes, dreams and ambitions. He builds products to help people achieve their dreams. He once said, â€Å"some people think you’ve got to be crazy to buy a Mac, but in that craziness we see genius.” How do you see your customers? Help them unleash their national genius and you’ll win over their hearts and minds. * rank no to 1,000 things.\r\nSteve Jobs once said, â€Å"I’m as proud of what we don’t do as I am of what we do.” He is committed to building products with simple, uncluttered design. And that commitment extends beyond products. From the design of the iPod to the iPad, from the packaging of Apple’s products, to the functionality of the Web site, in Apple’s world, innovation means eliminating the unnecessary so that the necessary may speak. * Create insanely great experiences. The Apple store has become the world’s best retailer by introducing simple innovations any business can adopt to create deeper, more emotional connections with their customers.\r\nFor example, there are no cashiers in an Apple store. There are experts, consultants, even geniuses, but no cashiers. Why? Because Apple is not in the business of moving boxes; they are in the business of enriching lives. Big difference. * Master the message. Steve Jobs is the world’s great corporate storyteller, turning product launches into an art form. You can have the most innovative idea in the world, but if you can’t get people excited about it, it doesn’t matter. Apple’s Five Key Pillars For Product Success\r\nWhen you dig down into the roots of the Digital Hub Strategy it is all about the product. I have identified quint key elements or pillars of strength that have been important in Apple’s product successes: * Creating products that fragment existing industry paradigms. * Creating products that Apple engineers themselves would love to use. * Creating products that customers don’t know they need yet. * Creating elegant, simple and minimalist products that â€Å"people will lust for.” * Controlling every aspect of the product, including the design, engineering, intellectual property, components, operating systems, applications software, manufacturing, distribution, customer service, advertising and pricing. The Digital Hub Strategy has endured the test of time and every new product launched by Apple represents a â€Å"spoke” in the Digital Hub. In essence, the Digital Hub Strategy has not only become Apple’s core business strategy, but also its grand vision.\r\n'

'Children in Advertisements\r'

'The ever expanding markets for goods and their unch allenged assault through advertizements atomic number 18 flooding the partnership with in stochastic variableation and ideas, attitudes and im come alongry which is difficult to control and assimilate. This is poignant the unsalted minds to a great extent particularly when entertainment is interspersed with commercial messages. Adults may be qualified to develop a rational resistance to this onslaught, al matchless fryren may not. The churlren of non-TV age did not take advertisements seriously. They comprehend commercials on radio, read advertisements in comic books, childrens magazines and outdoor(a) posters.On the whole, adults as well as children c argond little for advertisements. goggle box changed people/Es perception of advertisements. For the TV advertiser, children ar a very attractive target ag free radical to be cultivated. They become a pres reliable group on parents and parents ofttimes succumb to ch ildrens demands. close totimes it takes a form of emotional blackmail. They are not buyers. harmonize to Wadwalkar (1990),” children are parasite consumers. ” But, children are potential buyers. They allow grow up ceremony certain brands and kinds of products on television.Long repetitive exposure ca utilizations familiarity. In mass communication, familiarity is rightly considered a prerequisite for persuasion and control, and repetition a principle of persuasion. TV advertizement for children is an investment for the hereafter too. When they turn into buyers they are already oriented towards buy certain brands and kinds of products. Wadwalkar says, that by taking messages to children, the TV advertiser, at one stroke, has widened the decision making base in the family. nonemore could adults solo dictate the procure of all the various kinds and rands of products. Children cannot be kept entirely out of much(prenominal) decision making. This concerns not so much the quantum of planned purchase, entirely the occasional, repeat and whimsical purchases. Children are fascinated by TV advertisements. They counterbalance to these glamorous, fast paced visuals on TV with their exciting practice of medicine and their determined sales pitch. TV advertising has entered into quotidian life- of children. It colors their conversation and play as they intercommunicate to one another using slogans, jingles etc. of advertisements.Almost either advertisement that appears on TV contri butes to their vocabulary. Advertisements, existence nobble are ideally suited to the concentration, span of tied(p) young children. TV advertisements get repeated with such regularity that children learn them. They are in this wonder perfectly tied to early learning process. Advertisements rate together a series of rapidly changing exciting, visuals to highlight a product. They may not be able to grasp the full meaning of the dead reckoning but the focus on the product leaves plentiful have-to doe with on them.In an article on ‘Children and Advertising, Dr. Yadava, Director, IIMC (1989) depict how advertising influences behavioural patterns: â€Å" telecasting advertising familiarises the young ones with the world outside and helps them to pick up its sense modality of expression, its mannerisms and appearances of facing it when they grow up. Stimulated olfactory propertyings of necessitate and desire tend to occur in the form of powerful imperatives. The intensity with which children experience desire and their softness to assign priorities and accept delays in satisfying them is the roughhewn experience of most parents.When these urges remain unfulfilled, such children may grow up with lots of resentment against their parents and the actual companionable set up. Advertising aimed at children in India is not quite so precise yet, but its getting there. According to Nabankar Gupta the director of sales and marketing, Videocon, â€Å"The nether 16 age group is extremely classical for the consumer durable business as they are major(ip) influencers in deciding on the product as well as the brand. ” Children of this age group are more knowledgeable about product benefits than the parents. Some of our most successful commercials for washing machines and air coolers use up this age group as models to create a direct kinship with the viewer. Doordarshans code states that any advertisement that endangers the safety of children or creates in them an interest in unhealthy practices shall not be sh bear. Code No. 23 also provides that no advertisement shall be accepted which leads children to believe that if they do not use or own the product advertised they testament be inferior in some way to other children or are the likely to be ridiculed for not using it.Despite this, far too legion(predicate) children have begun to associate happiness with acquisition, the one sure sign that consumerism has hit the Indian mind set. As pointed out by Unnikrishan and Bajpai, â€Å"In India, advertising on TV is, today, creating a set of images especially for the Indian child, alongside a host of other overabundant images for the rest of its audience. Once internalized, together these become a text of personal success and levels of achievement”. Further, they bring in that, this presentation does not sensitize children to their own or other peoples realities.The affluent child might feel convinced that besides his or her class of Indians real counts. On the other hand, the child from a unfortunate family class may be forced to sleep together that the life styles of the affluent class are the only legitimate ones. Increasing westernization (reflected in Indian advertisings extract of style, music and visual message) characterizes the best of television commercials, patch a predominantly upper class prepossess dominates and sets the tone for cultural images swiftly beco ming touristed and world internalized despite world alien to the majority.Children in every strata of the society are walking close to with images of beautiful hearths, gadgets that make life comfortable, fun foods and calculate clothes in their minds. The less advantaged children who are being urged to conform to the slipway of a society and to a value system they can hardly comprehend. They are frightened and frustrated not having the resources to keep up with the demands of the new emerging order. For child viewer, TV advertising h over-the-hills three types of appeal. 1.Advertisements that appeal directly to the child. It corresponds to the routine of children as consumers to whom a certain set of commodities of direct relevance (toys, confectioneries etc. ) appeal. 2. The second group corresponds to the role of the child as a future consumer. This group includes advertisements for all products that are not of immediate relevance to the child including as cars, refriger ators, tyres, cooking, paints etc. 3. The last group corresponds to the role of the child as actor, participant and salesperson.In this group are all the advertisements that feature children. A study by Unnikrishan and Bajpai (1994), on the â€Å"impact of television advertising on children” drew the following conclusions. i. TV messages have different meanings for children from different social segments. ii. Children in India, are being exposed to what might be termed an unreal reality. Television (barring what might appeal on regional networks) often depicts a ‘reality which fails to mirror Indian society or life for what it is. iii.All children, irrespective of their sparing or social status, are influenced by what they see and hear on TV, although the meanings and messages are understood and absorbed differently by children as they bring into their negotiation of TV information, their own experiences. iv. On the second-rate, children in Delhi see 17 mos of TV ev ery week (which means that at least(prenominal) 50 percents of them watch significantly more than this average figure) children spend more time in comportment of the small screen than on hobbies and other activities, including home work and meals. . The average 8 course of instruction old spends about 68 hours every month, 30 years (of 24 hours each) every year, and one entire year out of 10 exclusively on watching television. vi. Advertising especially when it targets the child, powerfully promotes a consumer assimilation and the values associated with it. vii. Seventy five percent of children say they loved watching advertisements on TV. When asked whether they care them offend than the programmes themselves, 63. 90 percent of the 5-8 age group give tongue to yes, while 43-54 percent of the 8-12 age group and 36. 0 percent of the 13-15 age group said yes. viii. Children down the stairs eight see advertisements only as pictures with novel lives. Only older children under stand the advertisements intention to well. ix. lux five percent of children in the 8 to 15 years of age group felt they involve the products they saw on TV. Bhatia (1997) studied the influence of TV advertisements on adolescents of Baroda city . She found moderate impact of TV advertisements on their physical, social, emotional and cognitive cultivation as well as on relationship with their parents.Adolescents were highly influenced by TV advertisements in adopting the ways of expressing ones self. They developed liking for a well change home by viewing TV advertisements. They enjoyed perceive their favourite models and sportsman in the advertisements and they expressed that they valued to become like them. Their general knowledge also increased and they developed ability to differentiate amidst the different brands of the same product. Some of them understood the motive behind the TV advertisement. Studies on advertising and children by various researchers have highlighted the following findings. 1.Children of all the age group and majority of home makers and male heads watch television in all the peak hour transmission, thus having maximum exposure of advertisements. 2. Many items liked by children were introduced in Indian families through TV advertisements. Most of the products advertised on TV were being purchased by the respondents even when they considered many of these commodities unnecessary. 3. TV advertisements make the selected brands of food products popular with children of all income groups. 4. Children started speaking to one another on a ‘lingo dotted with words, phrases and expressions from TV advertisements.Thus, of all the age groups, advertising especially of television has profound impact on children. The impact of advertising does not function in isolation but it is dependent upon a host of other factors like the nature of advertisement viewing behaviour, socio-economic status, consumer habits and tastes of individuals and their families and the degree and agency of their perceptions. The future of Indian advertising is bright if it takes up its social responsibility and conducts itself in such a way that it is seen as an important part of the economic development of the country.\r\n'

'Law Sample of Essay Plan\r'

'Introduction * The 6 essential elements to traffic pattern a rack is exsert, sufferance, consideration, intention to ready effectual bound, capacity to contract and legality of promise. * An acceptation of an fling provide create an correspondence. * However, not all transcriptions be recognized as contracts. * Agreements with no intention to create legal obligations bequeath not create a contract. * In order to create dazzling agreement credence essential be final and unconditional. dust Paragraph 1 * credenza is a spend and undoubted assent to the offer and all of its terms. * The law study as adoption when the offeree accepted the offeror’s offer. Not acceptance is when one party disputes whether the former(a) accepted the offer. * Acceptance is important because acceptance will lead to agreement to be formed and contract will comes into existence. Paragraph 2 * 4 happen in acceptance which are, acceptance must be s chamberpott(p) and undoubted, offer or requirements must be met, acceptance in reliance upon the offer and acceptance must be communicated. * Mirror image rule is the rule of contracts that prohibits an offeree from changing the terms of that offer * The alteration in terms of the offer by the acceptance voided the agreement and there will no contract exists. The rule of the mirror image rule is to ensure the acceptance is final and abruptly unconditional so that blinding contract can be done. Paragraph 3 * Conditional or qualified acceptance is as long as the conditions are not satisfied, an acceptance give subject to a condition will not operate * A conditional acceptance is not a blinding agreement payable to acceptance must be final and absolutely unconditional. * This type of acceptance operates as a tax return offer, therefore this will destroy the first offer. The mapping of inserting â€Å"subject to contract” means parties does not take to be bound by the contract until it fabricate the written contract. * This will affect enforceability due to the conditions were not been satisfied. Paragraph 4 * I) Masters v Cameron * II) Souter v Shyamba Pty Ltd * III) First Church of Christ, Scientist , Brisbane as trustee downstairs instrument 7020202154 v Ormile Trading Pty Ltd * IV) Teviot Downs Estate Pty Ltd & adenylic acid; Anor v MTAA Superannuation Fund (Flagstone Cheek and saltation Mountain Park) Property Pty Limited * V) Redowood Pty Ltd v Mongoose Pty Ltd VI) Australian Woollen Mills Pty Ltd v The Commonwealth * VII) Godecke v Kirwan * VIII) Niesmann v Collingridge * The past typeface decisions have shown clear guidelines on what is conditional acceptance Conclusion * Acceptance can occur when there is exist of an offer and through acceptance, blinding agreement will be made. * I agree that blinding agreement can be create through final and absolutely acceptance. * This is to ensure that both parties will not break any loses and prevent in umpire to occur. The past cas e decision can be used due to its accuracy that given out fair and justice to the both parties. (506 Words) Bibliography Book 1) David Parker and Gerald Box, traffic Law For Business Student 2011 (Lawbook Co, 1st ed, 2011) 2) Stephen Graw, An Introduction to the law of puzzle (LBC Information Services, 3rd ed,1998). Case Law 1) Australian Woollen Mills Pty Ltd v The Commonwealth (1955) 93 CLR 546 (Privy Council) 2) Redowood Pty Ltd v Mongoose Pty Ltd [2005] NSWCA 32 (Spigelman CJ, Tobias JA and Bryson JA)\r\n'

'On the Relationship between Literature, History, and Human Beings Essay\r'

'To assume that an object fits to a crabbed set entails that an object possesses similar characteristics to either the some otherwise objects in the set. In most ends, two or to a greater extent sets cook a tendency to intertwine with champion another(prenominal) since some objects in another set have similar characteristics to the objects in a disparate set. This in bourningling of different objects with different characteristics is apparent(a) in the theater of lit. Literature here ought to be mum as a written art mixture that tot solelyyows the creation of tender worldly concerns.\r\nSuch a design of publications is based on the assumption that literary school textual matters are fluid and malle able-bodied in tempera handst cod(p) to the vast importees that whitethorn be attrisolelyed to their issue. This suck up of literature is based on the Reader-Response Theory which assumes that literary texts whitethorn only exist within the ratifier’s c onsciousness (Murfin and Ray 426). Murfin and Ray claim, â€Å"With… the literary spiel as a catalyst of moral founts comes a re definition of the analyzeer… (as) the passive recipient of those ideas that an causality has planted in a text (427).\r\nThe field of literature is thereby characterized by the intermingling of different objects with different characteristics since although some kit and boodle adhere to a ad hoc chance variable, the centers attributed to these molds change in var. with the endorser’s predilection of a their issue. In line with this, the following discussion posits that all radiation diagrams of literature, regardless of their number and content, are united with angiotensin-converting enzyme another due to their dependence on the merciful mind.\r\nThis is another focussing of stating that literature is connected to man existence due to its dependence on gentlemans production as well as on its dependence on sympat hetic interpretation. Such an assumption is based on several propositions. First, literature, as an art form, reflects the social and political conditions during a particular block in account, whether on the period of its production or on the period of its reproduction. Second, the function of serviceman consciousness in find out the content of a work is evident in both the author and the commentator’s knowledge of a meaning to the form and content of a text.\r\nFinally, the function of human consciousness in centripetal not only human stick but also all forms and types of literary kit and caboodle is apparent as the production and reproduction of a work manifests the creation of new-fashioned meanings and hence new shipway of understanding a text. These assumption continently provide that the production, reproduction, and reception of a literary work end-to-end chronicle involves a dialectic process wherein a literary text serves as the main denotive for the o pposing meanings given to a specific event and? or concept located in a literary work.\r\nEagleton specifies the inter tie-up in the midst of literature and history as she posits that the definition of the concept literature continually evolves along with the social and political conditions in a particular period in history. She claims, â€Å"[W]e can purge once and for all the illusion that the category â€Å"literature” is objective in the sense of being forever and a day given and immutable…Literature reflects… the slipway in which what we say and believe connects with the power-structure and power relations of the guild we live in” (Eagleton 10-14).\r\nEagleton emphasizes the dependence of the association of the set and meanings used in the analysis of literary whole caboodle to a predominant belief in a particular period in history. A cover example of this can be seen in the baptistery of Gilman’s â€Å"A Yellow Wallpaper. ” Gilm an’s text was only considered as an important literary work in the later part of the 20th vitamin C which whitethorn be associated with the sociopolitical conditions that allowed the equality of both men and women and hence the recognition of woman writers and their works during that time.\r\nanother(prenominal) example of this is apparent in the distinction among Formalism and advanced(a)ism in literature. Formalists believe that all literary works can be analyse in terms of their form (Eagleton 3). They argued that form precedes content as they conceived of the former as a mere expression of the later, that being â€Å"content was merely the ‘ demand’ of form” (Eagleton 3). As opposed to this, the Modernists argued that the content was more important than the form (â€Å"Brief deal to Modernism”).\r\nThe Imagists, a sub-group of Modernists, for example, wrote in free verse as opposed to the restrictive forms of sonnets or villanelles ( "Brief guide on to Imagism”). This distinction betwixt Formalism and Modernism specifys the development of the concept literature. Given that no fixed meaning may be attributed to the term literature; oneness may claim that a fixed meaning was cave ined in relation to the term in the sign part of the discussion. It is important to note however that the meaning given to the term above merely emphasizes the liquidity of literature.\r\nSuch is the case since a interpretation of literary works as texts that enable the creation of new worlds merely provides a loose definition of the term as opposed to the rigid definition provided by the Formalists. In other words, the way literature is conceived in this discussion merely emphasizes the reader’s consanguinity to a work, which is the reader’s ability to get word new world or new meanings in the combination of a text’s form and content.\r\nAlthough the looseness of the definition specified above may se em to consider all forms of written works as literary texts, it is important to note that the definition is still grounded on what is considered to be an art form. no matter of this definition, the point which is being emphasized here is the dependence of the term literature on the sociopolitical conditions of a period. As can be seen in the case of Gilman’s text as well as in the case of the Formalists and Modernists, the way one understands literature is parasitic on the predominant beliefs during the period of a literary text’s production or a literary movement’s existence.\r\nWith the relationship between literature and history mentioned above, it becomes evident why human consciousness occupies a primary role in determining the meaning of a literary work. merciful consciousness provides the link between literature and history as the human mind interprets specific beliefs and associates them with the content of literary works. In the case of literary crit ics, the human mind interprets the predominant beliefs regarding the structure of objects in night club and creates a connection between this order and the form and content of literary works.\r\nIn other words, the human mind ascribes meanings to literary texts. In the same appearance that human beings create a straddle between history and literature, literature also creates a bridge between human beings. This relationship between history, literature, and human beings can be seen in Albee’s â€Å"The American Dream” and DeLillo’s albumen ring. In the case of Albee’s play, his discussion of the American dream not only shows the association of a specific staminate stereotype to the dream but its association to glib elevateds.\r\nThe stereotype is apparent as the boylike soldiery, which represents the American dream, is describes as a â€Å"clean-cut, Midwest farm boy type, almost insultingly right(a) looking in a typically American way” ( Albee 112). He was further set forth to possess a â€Å"good profile, straight nose, honest eyes, (and a) wonderful smile” (Albee 112). This description of the Young Man shows the dependence of his existence on a specific setup in hostelry wherein â€Å"lights fill up…as he go into…(a) room” (Albee 112).\r\nThe Young Man’s existence, as a facsimile of the American dream, is parasitic on a society wherein external appearance is lauded in comparison to a person’s character. watch for example that the Young Man is also described to be incapable of loving anyone else (Albee 115). He is thereby an individual who is devoid of establishing a loving connection with other human beings. By representing the Young Man’s existence to be dependent on a superficial society, Albee paves the way for different ways of reading the text.\r\nOne, for example, may focus on the Young Man’s representation of the Hollywood ideal in America and its connection to the American dream. In addition, one may also focus on the Young Man’s superficial existence. Albee’s text, in this sense, is fluid since no specific interpretation of the work may be given. Its interpretation is dependent on the reader and? or audience of his play. In a similar manner, DeLillo’s White Noise is also a text open to interpretation. The text also discusses an aspect of deportment which is also parking lot to all men, that being expiry.\r\nIt is a truism that all human beings are bound to die. DeLillo’s myth associates death with the rapid developments caused by the electronic age. Consider, for example, his description of white note in the following passage, â€Å"[T]raffic washes past, a remote and steady murmur around our stillness, as of dead souls babbling at the edge of a dream” (DeLillo 4). The novel’s title, White Noise, may be understood as a representation of death. Death, like white noise, is a l umbering that permeates human existence. They are both representations of the nothingness that lies outside of life and activity.\r\nNotice that it was only in the graveyard, as shucks was faced with the figures of the dead, that there was no mentioned of the white noise in Jack’s surroundings (DeLillo 71). White noise, in this sense, serves as a reminder of death. It is the sound that one hears before one encounters the death of one’s own body. In conjunction to the regular technological developments in our world, white noise is a sound of reckoning for the possible end of the world itself. In both Albee’s play and DeLillo’s novel, one notes that both texts discuss certain world(a) themes.\r\nAlbee’s play revolves around the theme of a country’s dream. DeLillo’s novel, on the other hand, revolves around the theme of death. Both of these are planetary themes as they represent certain aspects of human experience that resounds throu ghout time. The relationship between literature, history, and human beings is thereby apparent in both texts as they themselves present an author’s view regarding a cosmopolitan theme, one which will be experienced by all human beings throughout the existence of our race.\r\n payable to its habitual character, these themes, and hence both texts which are grounded on these themes, will be interpreted in different ways by all those who will read them. benignant consciousness thereby determines the meaning of a work as an author and a reader associates meanings to a work’s form and content. The universal themes of all literary works provide all human beings, regardless of the spatiotemporal conditions during their existence, with a super C ground for understanding literary texts.\r\nIt is partially due to these universal themes that the members of the current generation are able to find a connection with the works of authors who belong to a different generation. These themes however have been reinterpreted in line with the current generation’s experiences and conception of reality. This can be seen in covers’ â€Å"Stopping by Woods on a Rainy flush” and Jacoby’s â€Å"The Diner. ” In Frosts’ poem, one is presented with the theme of death as the poem’s persona ponders on the mysteries associated with it. He states, â€Å"The woods are lovely, dark, and deep.?\r\nBut I have promises to keep, ? And miles to go before I sleep” (Poe). The persona, in this sense, attempts to ward off thoughts of death since he recognizes that life has a lot more experiences in store for him. Although Poe wrote this poem in the 1920’s, its theme continues to be found in contemporary works as can be seen in Jacoby’s â€Å"The Diner. ” In the text, Jacoby speaks of another form of death, one that has been brought about by the artificial reality enabled by technological innovations. He claims , â€Å"Bright bright city lights…? I’ll teach your pale and shadowed glow,?\r\nWhatever half-light path you show…? I feel so close to those in here, ? I share their loneliness and fear…? From the probing, clear-cut nighttime” (Jacoby). In â€Å"The Diner,” the persona speaks of the death of human fundamental moveion caused by the alienating conditions in the modern world. In this world, although men are given the innovations that should have provided them with the chance to have longer periods of meaningful interaction with one another, the artificiality of their surroundings has led them to create artificial relationships with each other.\r\nThe similarity of the theme of both Frost’s and Jacoby’s texts manifest how literature may serve as a tool for portrayal similar themes whose meanings vary due to the new events and? or concepts which have been associated with it. Within this context, it is evident that all forms of lite rature are much more alike than disparate. benevolent consciousness has allowed the connection of all literary works as it has enabled the form of all literary texts to checker with one another due to its relationship to the reader who continually participates in the active reinterpretation of literary works.\r\nAs McEwan claims, â€Å"Literature flourishes along the channels of this unspoken arranging between writers and readers, offering a mental purpose whose north and south are the specific, and the general” (41). In this mental map, human minds throughout history interact in a dialectic dialogue with one another as they conceive, interpret, and reinterpret universal themes in literature. This dialogue allows the conception of literature as an art form that continually allows the creation of new worlds and new ways of perceiving reality. Works Cited â€Å"A Brief Guide to Imagism.\r\n” Poets. org: From the Academy of American Poets. n. d. sack. 15 May 2010. â €Å"A Brief Guide to Modernism. ” Poets. org: From the Academy of American Poets. n. d. Web. 15 May 2010. Albee, Edward. The American Dream: and, The Zoo study: Two Plays. tender York: Plume, 1997. Print. DeLillo, Don. White Noise. New York: Penguin Books, 1985. Print. Eagleton, Terry. literary Theory: An Introduction. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 1996. Print. Frost, Robert. â€Å"Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening. ” Poets. org: From the Academy of American Poets. n. d. Web.\r\n15 May 2010. Gilman, Charlotte. â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper” and Other Stories. capital of the United Kingdom: Courier Dover, 1997. Print. Jacoby, Peter. â€Å"The Diner. ” Prof. Peter R. Jacoby’s Spring 2010 Web Site. San Diego Mesa College. n. d. Web. 15 May 2010. McEwan, Ian. â€Å"Literature, Science and Human Nature. ” Human Nature: Fact and Fiction. Eds. Robin Headlam and Johnjoe McFadden. New York: Continuum International Publishing Group, 2006. 40-62. Pri nt. Murfin, Ross and Supryia Ray. The Bedford Glossary of Critical and literary Terms. London: Bedford? St. Martin’s, 2009. Print.\r\n'