Ethnographic reflection

Drug Use and Abuse in America Historical Analysis

Drug Use and Abuse in America Historical Analysis Introduction Drug abuse has become a major challenge to the United States of America for a very long period of time now. During the 19th century, drugs such as cocaine, morphine, and heroin were discovered and this marked the beginning of incidences of drug abuse and rampant addiction (Abadinsky, 2008). At the beginning of the 20th century, America introduced stringent rules restricting the use of illegal drugs.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Drug Use and Abuse in America: Historical Analysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This action was taken due to the potential threat posed by uncontrolled drug abuse. Owing to the scope that drug dealing had taken, both domestic and international laws were enforced to regulate the growing of crops such as coca and opium (Crutchfield, 2000). These laws succeeded significantly in minimizing the impact of drug abuse. The paper discusses the history of drug abuse in the US from th e year 1950 to 2000. The Boggs Act of 1951 and the Media By the end of the World War II (WWII), drug abuse in America had decreased significantly until it was no longer a major social issue (Crutchfield, 2000). However, a few years later the problem reemerged and hence the need for immediate action. In 1951, the Boggs Act was introduced as a one of the most important drug law. It reflected the basis for effective drug legislation in America where the media perceived and reported an increase in drug abuse. This would imply that any such information resulted in the introduction of a new law to fight criminals. The new penalties would be harsher than the preceding ones and this was set for every single category of offense. During this period, the perception of increased drug abuse was drawn from the content of the media reports like in movies and television. For instance, it would be noted that there was an increased use of drugs among high school students. Subsequently, the Boggs Act of 1951 would allow the quadrupling of the penalties associated with every single offense category (Shahidullah, 2008). In particular, the application of the Boggs Act was more inclined to justifying and ensuring the prohibition of marijuana (Abadinsky, 2008). Law enforcers, while giving the rationale for the prohibition claimed that, despite being highly addictive, the drug caused insanity, increased criminality, and even death to the user. This claim, however, was quickly refuted by a renowned medical doctor who was a witness in case and he said that marijuana could produce passivity in the users. Another witness added a twist to the whole case when he said that marijuana was the major cause of heroin addiction. This, for the Boggs Act of 1951, was a sufficient rationale for the prohibition of marijuana and other related drugs (Staley, 1992). It was the perceived use of drugs by the ‘foreign enemies’ to subvert the American youth that inspired the tightening of drug l egislations.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More 1956 and the Daniel Act The second drug law within this period was introduced in 1956 and was known as the Daniel Act which was named for the then Texas senator, Price Daniel (Shahidullah, 2008). The new law was similar to the Boggs Act of 1951 in that it employed the same formula of using perceived increase in drug use in the country. As a result, it provided the rationale for the introduction of a new criminal law. In 1956, there were reports of organized crime in the US. This was through televised Senate hearings presented by the then senator of Tennessee, Estes Kefauver (Crutchfield, 2000). This, at the end of the day, created the perception that there was increased drug use in America. That the organized criminals were in the country and were making a lot of money through drug deals. Consequently, the Daniel Act was enacted and came with harsher penalties than those of the Boggs Act in every of the offense categories. The two acts, the Boggs Act of 1951 and the Daniel Act of 1956 formed the basis upon which states formulated and passed their own versions of acts. Between 1958 and 1969, the Commonwealth of Virginia, and Virginia itself had passed laws with the heavy penalties for crimes involving the possession of marijuana, or any other prohibited drug (Staley, 1992).This was occasioned by the fact that during the 1960s, drugs such as marijuana, psychedelics, and amphetamines were the most abused drugs. In fact, the mandatory least sentence that one would serve was twenty years and the accused was not eligible for parole. This could not be compared with the sentence served by first degree murder in the state of Virginia which had mandatory sentence set at five years less while rape case attracted a mandatory least sentence of ten years. On the other hand, one convicted of selling marijuana would serve a m andatory least sentence of forty years (Crutchfield, 2000). The 1969 Dangerous Substances Act In 1969, another drug law known as the Dangerous Substances Act was introduced and was quite unique in that it did not apply the formula used by the preceding drug legislations. Just like in the previous years, there was perceived increase in drug abuse but the penalties were lowered (Staley, 1992). It was also during this time that the â€Å"taxing† mythology was dismissed. Apart from nicotine and alcohol, the 1969 Dangerous Substances Act targeted the users and sellers of all other drugs. The 1969 act classified all drugs except nicotine and alcohol under the following: the drug’s medical importance and the drug’s potential for misuse (Crutchfield, 2000). The U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration The 1970s also continued to witness the explosion of the drug culture and the US government responded by developing new drug laws and specialized agencies to deal with the con tinuing problem. In 1973, the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration was established to ensure that the federal laws on drugs were fully enforced (Shahidullah, 2008).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Drug Use and Abuse in America: Historical Analysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It was during this period that cocaine reentered the market. In the 1980s, there was reemergence in the use of crack which proved very addictive and its users were characterized by excessive violence. This period was also filled with perceptions of increased use of drugs. Consequently, the government declared war not only on the drugs with high potential for abuse but also on the drug users and dealers (Abadinsky, 2008). Any Progress? The fight against drugs and drug users continued to the 1990s albeit with little success. One drug law after another with revised penalties was introduced. By 1990, about a third of the minority population of the City of Baltimore alone who were male aged between 20 and 29 were being supervised by the court for drug cases (National Urban League, 1989). This proportion is significantly high in spite of the strict drug laws which had been in place for sometime then. The Year 2000 Despite the declaration of war against drugs and its users, there has been evidently minimal success in the endeavor. After about half a century, the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration’s toughest challenge is the dynamism exhibited by organized crime (Shahidullah, 2008). In the earlier years, the criminals conducted drug deals on American soil, however, the year 2000 witnessed the emergence of highly networked and powerful drug traffickers with headquarters spread strategically in foreign countries and controlling drug business in the U.S. Therefore, it is evident that the fight against drug abuse in America has a long and complicated history and new approaches of combating the ever growing drug problems need to be identified if the war is to be won in the modern information age. References Abadinsky, H. (2008). Drug use and abuse: a comprehensive introduction (6th ed). Belmont, CA: Cengage, Thomson-Wadsworth Crutchfield, R. D. (2000). Readings in Crime: drug use and abuse (2nd ed). Pine Forge Press National Urban League (1989). The state of Black America by 1989. The State of Black  America, 13. Transaction Plc.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Shahidullah, S. M. (2008). Crime legislations in America: laws, institutions, and  programs. University Press of America Staley, S. (1992). Understanding drug policy and the decline of America cities. Transaction Plc.

Case study analysis - will upload case study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Analysis - will upload - Case Study Example (Yoffie, 2009, p. 1) This notion quite obviously reflects the strategic decisions, which the two companies often come up with to capture the different unexplored segments of the market. However the carbonated soft drinks industry in the United States of America suddenly declined as the annual consumption of carbonated soft drinks decreased in US, and in the year 2004 it reached a constant low. (Yoffie, 2009, p. 1) The two companies definitely got affected by the downward trend of the industry, but in different ways. This particular case study analyzes the strategic management decisions that the two separate companies adopted, in the segments of bottling, pricing and brand promoting, in order to sustain their growth in the declining beverage market of United States. The focus is on the various strategic approaches adopted by the two cola companies in order to attain a desired position in the market. The strategic changes adopted by the two players in the case study ensure that the com petition or the cold war between the two will continue for the years to come. The foundation of Coca-Cola, which is the older of the two companies, dates back to the year 1886. A pharmacist named John Pemberton was the first to discover the formula for the potion and in the year of 1891, Asa Candler obtained the formula and with a specific objective started a sales force to distribute the product under the brand name of Coca-Cola. (Yoffie, 2009, p. 5) The first bottling franchise for the particular company was opened in the year 1899, and the growth rate was so substantial that within a gap of eleven years the company acquired about three hundred and seventy franchises in USA. (Yoffie, 2009, p. 5) With growth and popularity there were also direct threat to the brand image of Coca-Cola as there were an eminent number of imitators in the industry who

Good Music Research Paper Topics

Good Music Research Paper TopicsA music research paper topic might include finding new ways to produce effective sound effects. It might also cover innovative ways to use musical instruments in creative ways. Or, it might examine how instrument plays are being used as a way to build music notation and scores. Or, it might explore the effect of media on the effectiveness of the instrument.The violin is a key instrument. It is not only a fabulous instrument but it has a great history. The violin, like all of the best instruments is not a one time thing. It's part of the human spirit that has been around forever. With the violin as an instrument, we can literally find ourselves within a different world with music.Good music research paper topics might therefore include how to save money on this priceless instrument. Or, how to enhance its quality by educating its users about its more than 2500 years of history. Or, it might be interesting to look at how we have progressed from the earli er classical violins to the more modern cellos and stringed instruments.Another one of these topics might be how we might enhance the learning experience of the students in our high school science classes. We want them to be familiar with all the vital scientific concepts they need to know.Music also has a wealth of history. From Mozart to Beethoven to The Beatles, music has made its mark. And, some of the most successful music artists had humble beginnings.So, good music research paper topics may also consider how musicians continue to push the boundaries of music. This is because they have a deep understanding of what it takes to be a musician. They have found many new and exciting ways to express themselves with the power of music. And, so they are always looking for new ways to make their music more effective.So, good music research paper topics might include some of these topics. There are so many great ideas here to help us learn more about this great gift of the violin has gi ven to mankind.

Classified Facts on Tips for Writing a Memoir Essay Only the Experts Know About

Classified Facts on Tips for Writing a Memoir Essay Only the Experts Know About Sooner or later you will sense you've enough written to stop and start crafting the essay by means of your audience in mind. For instance, if your objective is to compose an industrial memoir that will bring you money and popularity, you need to cover an overall topic that'll be interesting for a wide audience. The setting is vital too. Since you may see, there isn't any typical approach to beginning a family memoir. Many times, the story will appear to get no actual point. Don't forget, it's your story. After all, it's your story, and you learn how to best tell it. Your writing voice is comparable to your speaking voice as it helps your reader identify who's writing. In the very best memoir, the author illustrates something but really isn't the topic of the tale. Always keep in mind that the reader may not understand what you take for granted, Acton adds. Ultimately, there's nobody way to compose a memoir. One good way to define memoir is to think about the crime procedural. A memoir can be a means to sort one's life out and to distinguish what's important from what isn't. A memoir is a means to touch at the core of emotion and permit it to be shared with other folks. What Is So Fascinating About Tips for Writing a Memoir Essay? While an essay is a big project, there are several steps a student can take which will help break down the task into manageable components. There are likewise a wide variety of books at your bookstore to aid with your writing. It is wise to look for the one which has a superior reputation and offers high-quality papers at very affordable rates. Reread your paper and check to see whether it is reasonable. Tips for Writing a Memoir Essay - the Story If your essay is describing a process, like how to make a huge chocolate cake, make sure your paragraphs fall in the proper purchase. If you choose to make an outline, write your topic at the peak of the webpage. Learning how to compose a compelling piece is a continuous course of action. Significantly, find the appropriate slant to spell out your story and the body paragraphs will surely flow. Your very first draft may look as a page from your diary. No matter the mission of the essay, ensure that you're interested in your topic. If you haven't been assigned a topic, you have a bit more work to do. What you choose as a topic may count on the amount of the paper you would like to write, or vice versa if it's the case that you don't plan the length of time your manuscript will be in advance. Understanding how to compose a memoir can be tough, especially when we're starting out. A memoir isn't an elaborate manner of saying autobiography'. Although the memoir is a well-known genre in publishing, it's much more difficult to learn to compose a memoir. The memoir is your private reflection to a specific experience. One of the greatest ways to compose an effective memoir is to be honest and genuine. Since you may see, it isn't so tricky to compose a memoir if you obey our steps. Decide what your aim is for writing a memoir and that which you want to accomplish from it. Understanding how to begin writing a memoir is important if you prefer to compose autobiographical books that hook readers. Life, to put it differently, isn't a lot of storyteller. Writing a novel is quite different. Sports stories often result in great memoirs. Hearsay, Deception and Tips for Writing a Memoir Essay Frequently, the most compelling and permanent process to capture the powerful emotions and impact of a particular life event is by way of memoir. Take a look at what you consider the most fascinating or influential knowledge in your life. Forgetting to incorporate the backgrounds of the key characters of the story you're telling. Experiment till you find the 1 story that wishes to be told, the 1 experience that actually fashioned you.

Pros and Cons of Using Essay Writing Service Tips

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Oral Learning Objective Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Oral Learning Objective - Essay Example The teams were necessary since the company was growing and the work was getting complex. Again, we had to increase the work efficiency for the company, which the only way was teamwork. We organized into a team of about 10 people where we were self-driven in a way that we would make decisions with minimal supervision from the supervisors or the managers. This was the simple structure of the organization as we embraced teamwork. Each team was responsible for its own business. Some of our functional responsibilities were managing inventory, gross margins, labor productivity and product placement decisions. This kind of cooperation with my other employees encouraged and I found the importance of working as a team. As I had learnt from class, I would like to mention that it is true that self-directed teams organize around the work process. In order to complete a whole work piece that requires interdependent tasks, this has a significant autonomy over execution of the tasks. I joined with my colleagues to create a dependant position in order to complete my individual tasks. From our teams, we had a leader who ensured that each of us completes his or her individual tasks and to ensure that everyone does the right thing. We kept independent from other teams, since what we required most is the interdependence amongst ourselves in order to make the best out of our products. I found myself responding very fast and effectively to the demands of our clients and the stakeholders. I did not want to lose any client in being slow or portraying a negative attitude. This is exactly what is required in the organizational behavior that we learnt in class. I felt motivated working with this organization because of the mandate that I could do on my own with minimal interruptions from my supervisors. Actually, communication and technological coordination support was always available which enriched the job increment. It was awe-inspiring