Linking Aristotles virtue with character Essay Example for Free

Linking Aristotles virtue with character EssayAristotles virtue ethics is often considered to be founded on character such that an separates character defines his or her virtues. It is important to note that Aristotle gives emphasis to the idea that virtue is acquired through habit. In this regard, it can be presumed that there is a connection between character and virtue in the context of Aristotles philosophy. This is especially interesting to look into scarce because human beings think and act at to the lowest degree in terms of peerlesss consciousness or idea of ethics, specifically through ones clean precepts. If it is indeed true that individuals think and act in ways link to ones moral inclinations in their daily lives, then it is a strong reason to contend that virtue and character atomic number 18 all the more important elements in the life of humanity. The point that I would like to raiseand agree with Aristotleis the idea that our habits, the way in which we do things on a regular basis, rebound a large sumif not allof our character. And since character builds our very virtues, it can be presumed that the things that we do on a regular basis define our virtues.That is, if we hap to harbor the bad or evil elements in the society, then it is most likely the case that our character develops into something bad or evil. In the end, there lead be little or no room for us to acquire virtues. The task of this assignment is to identify what is the connection between character and virtue in the context of Aristotle by providing Aristotles description of how we acquire virtues and why choice is an important component of these virtues.In the Book III of Aristotles Nichomachean Ethics, I found let out that one basic notion in Aristotelian ethics that occupies a central significance is Aristotles belief in the role of mans activities in order for one to acquire ethical knowledge. That is, for one to become virtuous or to obtain virtues one should no t merely confine himself to mere examine of these virtues but rather one should, more importantly, actualize this knowledge of the virtues. Thus, for one to become good, one should do good. I also found out in the same work of Aristotle the doctrine of the mean.The essence of this doctrine dwells on the basic precept that one ought to avoid the extremes and, instead, settle for the mean. The actions of men, more specifically, ought to be enclose upon the mean which is the virtue. For example, the virtue of courage rests on the mean between two extremes cowardice or the lack of courage, and rashness or the excess in courage. solely of these things answer the central question being asked, specifically the identification of the connection between virtue and character.For the most part, the thought of the acquisition of virtue requires a form of a good act which, when constantly repeated or enacted on a regular basis, forms the character of the individual. The individual should not o nly be habituated towards a theoretical understanding of these good acts but should also be inclined to enacting them, of living them on purpose and free will. It is not enough that the individual should simply live the theoretical perspectives of doing good acts for it does not suffice to forming the character of the individual.Moreover, these good acts are founded on the principle of the mean wherein the individual is supposed to be acting not within the extremes but between these extremes because they are the evils. Hence, character is connected to virtue through ones goodor middleactions performed habitually. I calculate out that Aristotle implies the idea that man is indeed a social being in the sense that one cannot sufficiently do good without the presence of other people.That is, without other people to whom our good deeds will be enacted to, our actions may hardly be conceived as good in the first place precisely because we may only be helpful if there are people to help , we may only be kind if there are people to whom we will be kind, or we may only be loving if there are other people to love just to name a few. Of course, my thoughts may be unacceptable to other people for they may also have their own thoughts about the ethics of Aristotle.But more to this, I figured out that those people who surround us have a large role in the formation of our character. Social isolation does not give room for the moral development of an individual. On the other hand, I have arrived at a question concerning Aristotles virtue ethics, especially with his doctrine of the mean. Exactly how are we to know when we are acting in the middle such that we avert from the extremes or the vices? Granted that we may be able to identify the vices that we should avoid, when can we say that we are actually in the middle path?How can too much knowledge be a vice or an evil when Aristotle gives a substantial invoice and importance to knowledge? While there may still a handful o f questions that may have been left untouched, it can hardly be doubted that our actions parcel a significant role in defining our characters as human beings. Whether or not an individual believes in virtue ethics or in morality in general, it remains a fact that our actions have consequences to us and to other people.ReferenceAristotle. Nicomachean Ethics. Trans. Martin Ostwald. New Jersey Prentice Hall, 1962.

Christianity and Indigenous Communities Essay Example for Free

Christianity and original Communities Essay?The question about Christianity and its full acceptance into endemical communities continues to linger on a fine line of whether Indigenous communities came to a consensus of compromising with the new religion or simply eradicating it by refusing to leave idler their traditional ways of believing and creating religious consciousness.Some scholars such as, Kevin Terraciano, in his chapter, The People of Two Hearts and the One God from Castile, argue that Christianity was not scarcely rejected by acts of continuing Indigenous religious practices, but as well as mocked because it was thought to be a lie and inferior to the Indigenous people in Yanhuitlan and Coatlan this new religion did not coincide with theirs . On the other hand, in her book, Biography of A Mexican Crucifx, Jennifer Hughes have a go at its to conclude that Indigenous communities accepted Christianity through their knowledge modes of seeing parallel paradigms of t heir life with the life of religious images such as the Cristo Aparecido from Totolapan. They came to see this image as a representation of their suffering , their colonial trip and their need for finding religious meaning in a newly evangelized land.In Terracianos, Two Peoples Heart, he subversively implies that Christianity was based on the supposition that there had to outlast some(a) type of religious unity based on Catholicism. From this point, Indigenous population have been victims of racism, discrimination, disregard for their beliefs, uprooting and political marginalization. As Terraciano points out, in this process of spiritual conquest, domination can occur occur through methods of interrogation and punishment if found guilty, which was clearly the case during the Spanish Inquisition during the 16th century.Native lords were confronted two by friars, Dominicans and Spanish for their supposed allegiance to practicing paganism, and encouraging Indigenous communities to continue their reverence and offerings to their many gods, while on the surface make a petty(a) space to pray to the New God from Castile. Terraciano explains how in order for Christianity to make itself dominant, the people of Yanhuitlan and Coatlan had to not only get rid of their ancestors images, burn them, but also force themselves to accept Christianity as their only spiritual choice.Nevertheless, Indigenous communities and to a great extent the native lords encouraged Indigenous communities to keep their faith intact . An example of this is given when, Don Fransciso, a native lord who was accused of paganism, and disruptive behavior stated that the people of Yanhuitlan were not to embrace Christianity, that their gods did not come from Castile, hence a result of this was the mockery of Yanhuitlan peoples both by verbal insults and gestures towards Native Christians, There go the Christian Castile, the chickens, (Terraciano, pg.7) This shows us that the refusal to indoctri nate Christianity as take off of a Yanhuitlan identity was obstruct by the continuing reinforcement that Indigenous communities e where reluctant to forgetting their ancient practices and beliefs. For instance when trialed, Don Francisco was asked if he knew any prayers in Latin, Castillan or Mixtec, he admitted that he knew two, but when asked to recite them, he said he could not remember them (Terraciano, 8).This once more reiterates through the examples given by Terraciano, that native lords saw Christianity as unimportant, they did not care to learn the way of Catholicism or become subservient to the God of Castile. After mass, many nobles would toast pulque and joke around that they had not understood a word of the sermon (Terraciano 8).Ultimately, with the ambivalence of Christianity also came the practice of certain ritual acts which often took place in small areas or carried out in a secluded place where the Indigenous people would be safe, as the lords began to denounce that their gods were angry and had brought upon drought and last to the Yanhuitlan community because some lords were weak enough to follow a God who could not save them from their hunger, even as he was called the almighty and powerful.In conclusion, what Terraciano delivers this idea of a power struggle that occurred within the communities of Yanhuitlan and Coatlan as to converting to Christianity and keeping their original religion as their primal way of religious consciousness and looking at Christianity with eyes of ambiguity and uselessness to their survival, both spiritual and physical. Nevertheless, for other scholars, their research has taken them to analyze the impacts of Christianity from a different perspective, one where both Christianity and Indigeneity mix, forming a stopping point of religious hybridism.As Jennifer Hughes states in her book, for the missionaries, Christianization in the New World was a genocide to all material of religious culture, it was a process of erasure, yet with this the Indigenous population was left with an spiritual emptiness, hence images such as the Cristo Aparecido became that fulfillement not only to their seek for religious authenticity, but also serving as some type of protective force against the legacy left by colonial conquest. For Hughes, the community of Tolopan accept this image of the Cristo Aparecido since the very beginning, to them

Boots Marketing Strategy

Boots Marketing StrategyINTRODUCTIONBoots (UK) Ltd is as well known as boots, It is the leading wellness and beauty retail merchant with around 1400 branches alongside in United Kingdom and Ireland. It has also more than 300 branches of Boots optician. Boots is previously known as The Boots Comp some(prenominal), it has most its protrudelets in high passages end-to-end the United Kingdom and Ireland. Boots is subsidiary company of Alliance Boots. After unification of Alliance Boots and Boots Group Plc., Boots launched. Boots ar dealing with 8 million customer all(prenominal) week. Boots generates and sells own disgrace harvests, a estimate of which be leaders in their respective markets. The Boots brand is founded on the trust, expertise and heritage, which comes with its longevity in the market.Boots Group operates triple principal line of descent linees Boots The Chemists Boots Opticians and Boots Retail International. Pharmacy is a fundamentally pregnant part of t he brand representing one quarter of sales, it is the foundation of Boots authority and credibility. Boots stores atomic number 18 mostly placed on high streets but, in line with modern shopping trends, its presence in edge of town retail parks is rapidly increasing. Over the suit three years 48 such stores have opened, as well as a flagship London store on Oxford Street. Overseas, Boots is working closely with opposite major retailers in their local markets, to open Boots branded within their stores. There are currently 758 imbeds in 13 countries. Boots also has 96 standalone stores in Thailand. Boots has had an nonable history. From its beginnings in 1849 as an herbalist shop, Boots has continually developed bran-new product ranges, many of which are now ho designhold names in their own right. By the 1930s, Boots had more than 1,000 stores selling a wide range of products. Over the years Boots has palmyly introduced brands such as 17 cosmetics, aimed at teenagers, which was introduced in 1968 and new business enterprise ventures such as Boots Opticians now a major division of the business. In 1985 the Research Department received the Queens Award for Technological Achievement for the discovery and development of ibuprofen. The analgesic ibuprofen was introduced in 1969 as a prescription drug, but launched as the over the counter brand, Nurofen, in 1983. Boots profits business has become increasingly all important(predicate) in the new millennium and a successful part of the brand. Improvements have been made to the online customer construe make navigation easier, resulting in boots.com sales becoming bigger than those of the largest Boots store. Boots is best known for selling a wide range of products under the Boots brand name across health and beauty. The merger between Alliance UniChem plc. and Boots Group plc. was completed on July 1 2006, creating an transnational pharmacy-led health and beauty group operating(a) in more than 15 countr ies across the world. The Alliance Boots network allow for include two retail formats, both under the Boots brand, ranging from approximately 1,500 smaller dispensing pharmacies to approximately 800 larger destination high street and edge of town health and beauty stores. In attachment, Alliance Boots will also operate approximately 300 additional retail bulgelets, including freestanding Boots Opticians practices. Boots is also developing in-store health zones in its bigger stores, which will include extended waiting areas for customers collecting prescriptions. Consultation rooms for pharmacists are also being introduced, as part of a government initiative to alleviate the pressure on GPs surgeries.Boots uses a wide range of media on an ongoing basis, including TV, press, and direct mailings to its Advantage post horse members to highlight new products, offers and services. Jesse Boot, the son of John Boot, the brands eponymous founder, took control of the business in the 1870s . He had a business philosophy of buying in heap and passing the benefit of reduced prices on to his customers. His form _or_ system of government of superior goods at competitive prices delivered with expert care meant that the Boots name became synonymous with quality, value and service. His earliest selling was based around the idea of Largest, Best and Cheapest Branches Everywhere. This philosophy is still an important part of Boots today. It aims to treat its customers fairly and to act with integrity in everything it does, which results in the brand regularly being rated as the UKs most trusted brand. Boots also believes that it has an enormously valuable role to play in promoting the health of the nation. It achieves this by forming innovative, long marge partnerships with charities, particularly focusing on womens fuckcer. Boots has worked with Breast Cancer Care for 11 years, and this year linked with the Eve Appeal to highlight ovarian cancer. Boots also supports th e health of the UK everyday through its 15,000 healthcare advisers working in store.MARKETING STRATEGYMarketing dodgeis a process that can allow an Boots to concentrate its contain resources on the greatest opportunities to plus sales and achieve a sustainablecompetitive advantage. A marketing strategy should be centred around the key concept that customeris the main goal. Developing a marketing strategy is vital for any business. Without one, your efforts to attract customers are likely to be haphazard and inefficient. The focus of your strategy should beto makesure that your products and services meet customer needs andthat you developlong-term and profitable relationships with those customers. To achieve this, you will need to create a flexible strategy that can respond to changes in customer perceptions and demand. It may also help you identify whole new markets that you can successfully target. The nominate of your marketing strategy should be to identify and then communica te the benefits of what your business offersto your target market. Once you have created and implemented your strategy, you should monitor its effectiveness and make any adjustments required to maintain its success. This guide helps you identify which customers to focus on and your key objectives in reaching them. It explains what to include in your marketing strategy and how it can be used as the basis for effective action.MARKETING MIXBoots has a marketing strategy that tries to increase turnover. Look carefully at this strategy (page 6) and designate ways in which the strategy could be improved. How can Boots improve the image of its brand products? How can Boots boost the male person market for beauty products? Think closely the target group and the 4 Ps.Marketing is not just about selling, It involves-PriceThis is the term used to describe what a customer pays for a product and service. It includes the actual selling price, any credit terms and profitability. Boots has to dec ide price of product as per local market conditions and customers.PlaceThis part of the marketing commix is about many things. It is about Location where it is dictated, how easy it is to get at that place. Access when is it open, are their special access facilities for populate with special needs. Distribution channels how can you buy the product or service provided or buy tickets for the attraction. Boots has to open their outlets at opportunities market at initial stages.PromotionThis is about how you let population know about what you have getable. There are many different ways you can go about this Advertising, Direct marketing, Public relations, Personal selling, Displays, Sponsorship, Demonstrations, gross revenue promotions. Boots have to promote their product locally by sponsoring local events and local advertisements.ProductThis is what the Boots provides for its customers. It is what they buy or what they experience. What they buy are tangible goods or products. They are things that can be assimilaten away such as tennis rackets from a sports shop. Mostly what the customer buys is intangible. You cannot go them away but you can experience them like a white-knuckle ride at a theme park. All of these are part of the product. When looking at the product, there are a number of things to think about to make sure it meets the needs of the customer Product and service features, brand name, after sales service, product life cycle, Researching the market to figure out what customers want. Developing and designing a product that customers desire/want. Producing the right amount of the right quality. Getting the price right so that the product is low-priced and profitable. Making sure that the customer know about the product through promotion. Making sure the product is on sale in convenient placesThese combine of factors adds up to the marketing mix or the 4 ps.This Could improve strategy by aiming to increase turnover during other periods other than Xmas. And also Aim to increase their business with the male market. Boost brand products could be improved through advertising video, magazines etc. target specific consumer groups. In order to boost the male market Boots needs to distance the male products from the womens and target marketing and promotional campaigns at the male consumer group.The Marketing Strategy for boots going to international market should be as follows. The below are the psycho compendium, how boots can achieve success by going it internationally. By exploring key market drivers they can make huge success. soft touch Tracking data showed that Boots continued to be rated much higher than competitors on the quality and choice of healthcare products and on customer knowledge and advice. However, only 19 per cent of dispensing customers identified Boots as their first choice pharmacy. The reason Boots isnt first choice is because only 20 per cent of Boots stores are more conveniently located than the ir competitors and convenience is the primary driver of pharmacy choice. The audition are the key factors which can make differences. The dispensing audience is critical to Boots. More importantly when you analyse the audience it becomes apparent that the pare to principle applies to Boots pharmacy. 60 per cent customers are on repeat medication, this 60 per cent generates 90 per cent of the Boots pharmacy revenue.In addition it is important to remember that our audience is heavily skewed towards those over the age of 60 (57per cent). This was important for us to keep in mind as we develop the strategy and Mother developed the creative work. We had to ensure that our positioning and messaging were relevant and motivating to a certain type of consumer.Brand positioning is important for boots as they are going internationally.Government legislation makes it il effective for any company to claim that their prescription Collection Service brand is remedy or different from competitors .So in the absence of a distinct USP, PCS is effectively a parity service. As such, the positioning, creative and use of media became even more critical. functional store visits revealed that the staff dont understand the PCS service and cant explain its benefit. Competitive every competitor has an equal service to us. Some are using television advertising to raise awareness.Communications the previous agency had tried to use TV advertising to drive PCS sign-ups. While it may have driven awareness. Consumer soft research revealed that customers didnt understand the benefits of the service either. They needed a few minutes of someone explaining it, and then they actually understood how it saved them having to stand in a queue. Upon deeper interrogation of the brief, it was apparent that the required campaign was not an awareness one. This was not a mass message or proposition this was aimed specifically at people on repeat prescription. Therefore traditional ATL channels would pro ve to be an inefficient way of meeting our clients business objectives.Theres only one place where youre really receptive about a message about not having to get tired of waiting in a queue. Its when youre standing in one. So we worn-out(a) most of our media budget on huge signs hung above the queue. And then when customers got to the front of the queue, we got our staff to offer customers the chance to sign up to a service where you never have to queue again. So we were now communicating the right message at the right time. Remember the staff in-store didnt understand the service. And we were now using them as the primary communications channel. We couldnt just give them a T-shirt and a badge and expect them to sign customers up. So the final part of the strategy was to modernise our staff on how to sell the service incentivise the staff by expectant them womb-to-tomb coffee breaks if they reached their target number of sign-ups introduce a standard operating procedure so they knew how to enter.MARKETING ENVIRONMENTThe marketing surroundings surrounds and impacts upon the Boots. There are three key perspectives on the marketing purlieu, namely the macro-environment, the micro-environment and the internal environment.The micro-environmentThis environment influences the Boots directly. It includes suppliers that deal directly or indirectly, consumers and customers, and other local stakeholders. Micro tends to suggest small, but this can be misleading. In this context, micro describes the relationship between firms and the cause forces that control this relationship. It is a more local relationship, and the firm may exercise a degree of influence.The macro-environmentThis includes all factors that can influence and Boots, but that are out of their direct control. A company does not generally influence any laws (although it is accepted that they could lobby or be part of a trade Boots). It is infinitely changing, and the company needs to be flexible to ad apt. There may be aggressive competition and rivalry in a market. Globalization means that there is always the threat of substitute products and new entrants. The wider environment is also ever changing, and the marketer needs to compensate for changes in close, politics, economics and technology.The internal environment.All factors that are internal to the Boots are known as the internal environment. They are generally audited by keep backing the Five Ms which areMen,Money,Machinery,Materials andMarkets. The internal environment is as important for managing change as the external. As marketers we call the process of managing internal change internal. Essentially we use marketing approaches to aid communication and change management.The external environment can be audited in more detail using other approaches such asPESTLE Analysis, Michael PortersFive Forces AnalysisorSWOT Analysis. revenue stamp analysisThere are many factors in the macro-environment that will affect the decisio ns of the managers of any Boots. Tax changes, new laws, trade barriers, demographic change and government policy changes are all examples of macro change. To help analyse these factors managers can categorise them using the PESTEL model. This classification distinguishes betweenPolitical FactorsPolitical factor includes government policy, wars and conflicts, legal moments, some employment laws, revenue policy, environmental laws, trade policy, current legislation, future legislation, international legislation, governments stability, international trading policy, are the political factors that affect Boots. economical FactorsEconomic factors includes economic crisis in country, employment problems, exchange rate, condition of stock market, change in international trade policy, fluctuation in tax, inflation rate, growth in economic are the economic factors that affect the Boots.Social FactorsSocial factors includes literacy rate, minimum wages, change in lifestyle, living condition a nd standards, demographic changes, population changes, occupation of people, earning capacity, consumers attitude, respectable problems, marketing and publicity pattern, religion issues are the social factors that affects the Boots. Generation gap between young employees and old age employees to fulfill both requirement and fulfil both according to their thinking strategy are work as a medicine. Dominant religion if they are religious, they will not work on the day they are worshipping like the Sabbath for Christians. Some religions favours certain creatures such as in Hinduism, the cow is sacred if cows were used in testing the chemicals or Boots sell anything that has beef in it, Hindus will probably not work there. Attitudes towards foreign products and services they dont like stuff for foreign companies they are not likely to attract people who dont like foreign products. If people think foreign stuff are cheap and it compromises the quality of the product, their self-image may be an issue. Green issues If Boots were to do all sort of environmental harm, environmentalists will not work for them. Likewise, if environmentalists found out that Boots does recycling and is dedicated to planting a hectare of trees each month out of its own pockets, it will attract more environmentalists to work for them. Animal testing if Boots products were animal tested, protesters will not work for them, let alone any animal lover. Roles of men and women if there is any sexism in the company, women are likely to leave. If there are only a selected set of roles that each sex can apply for (e.g. facial cream sales rep, beauty treatment), then that would restrict the number of applicants and workers Boots will get. Health consciousness if people are health conscious, they can use their knowledge to promote products Boots has. On the other hand, if the applicant wasnt health conscious, he/she will not really guarantee a job as a sales assistant in any section to do with health products. If people have a choice of jobs with equal pay anywhere and they were not all that health conscious, then they are not likely to be applying for jobs at Boots.Technological FactorsTechnological factors includes arrival of new technology, quick acceptance of new technology, competing technology development, Information technology, intellectual technology issue, communication, replacement of technology, maintenance of machines, outsourcing of technology, Research and development activity, Customer relationship management are the technological factors that affects the Boots.Environmental FactorsBoots has to take care of Staff, they have to increase morale of staff periodically by giving satisfying them. This could be satisfy by hierarchies needs. Boots has to concerns about staff engagement. usage between staff is necessary to increased productivity and quality of product. Boots has to conduct workshops for employees to increase product awareness, customers service le ssons, and all other aspects which can help Boots. Boots culture is most importing aspects which can helps them to be a success in international market. Boots has also take care of pollution which may be created from Boots products or services or both. They has to more concern about recycling of products which can help to boost international image. They has to help government and consumers towards environment by giving service in environmental activities.Legal FactorsLegal factors are important for a company who is going to internationally. Boots has to take in mind that what is happening in our sector that will impact what we do, they also have take care of minimum wages, working conditions as per local government rules. Governments is most important in legal factors. Boots have to take care of food items, Industrial training and take care of local child labour laws. The below legal factors affects boots and which will be Legislation in areas such as employment, competition and hea lth safety, future legislation changes, changes in government law, trading policies and Regulatory bodiesPest analysis gives brief knowledge about key factors which is affect the Boots and Stakeholder to fulfil their needs .PEST analysis looks at the externalbusiness environmentand is an appropriate strategical dent for understanding the big picture of the environment in which business operates, enabling the company to take advantage of the opportunities and minimize the threats faced by their business activities. Whenstrategic planningis done correctly, it provides a solid plan for acompanyto grow into the future. With a PEST analysis, the company can see a longer horizon of time, and be able to clarify strategic opportunities and threats that the Boots faces. By looking to the outside environment to see the potential forces of change looming on the horizon, firms can take thestrategic planningprocess out of the arena of today and into the horizon of tomorrow.PEST is not a set o f rigid compartments into which ideas need to be sorted. It is better thought of as a set of dash offs that can be used to fish for important facts. Once the factors have been fished out, it does not matter which hook they were attached to. When it comes to writing up the analysis, there is no need to mention the PEST labels at all.Porters Five Forces for Competitive PositionPorters five forces is strategy for competitors, deals with issue regarding the suppliers, Rivalry, threat about their competitors, substitutes, and threats of new market entrants are the porters five forces.Power of SuppliersIt includes concentration of supplier on business, importance of volume to supplier, separation of inputs, and impact of inputs on cost, Threat of future assimilation, cost relative to total purchase in industry, switched cost of Boots.Power of BuyerIt includes bargaining leverages, volume of buyers, detail information of buyer, identity of buyer, and sensitivity of price, incentives of buyer, threat related to past integration, differentiation of products.Entry barriers Both new and existing competitors feels threat. It includes absolute cost advantages, access of inputs, Economic scale, capital requirement, and identity of brands, governments binding policy, and access of distribution channel.Threat regarding substitutes Buyers tendency to substitutes, price performance of substitutes, switching cost of buyers, buyers opinion regarding the product and its separation and amount of substitutes product available in market.Rivalry It defines when some organization competes with each other in same business for same thing. It is important to make strategy to deals with competition in same business environment. It determines attractiveness of Boots.Swot AnalysisEnvironmental scanning includes internal analysis of the Boots and external macro environment and task environment. Internal analysis and external analysis of Boots is known as a SWOT analysis. This analysis give s brief knowledge about auditing of Boots and details of products. SWOT Analysis is the base of making strategy and to manage risks regarding to the products. It is very important to understand general techniques and functions of managements. .SWOT analysis makes fitted environment for identifying and analysing strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threat. It also gives clear vision regarding situation and making suitable strategies and business formulas.There are following stages of SWOT analysis.StrengthsAppropriate Environment, strong brand name, Strong background, good reputation, strong distribution channels, good quality inwrought resources, exclusive rights of products are the strengths of business Boots. Boots turnover and current sales are marginal to enters worldwide market. Boots have clear objectives which can help to understand the global market easily. Boots is successful manufacturer of health and safety products. There customers are loyal to the brand which ca n helps to enter global market.WeaknessBoots failed to attempts to diversified in Halfords. Saturated global market is also important factor for boots in this segment. Boots is also failed to expand their business in European market. Weak background, inappropriate environment, unfavorable position raw material, lack of natural resources, lack of manpower, unreliable product and services ,lack of finance, weak brand name, poor reputation, lack of distribution network are the weaknesses of business Boots. At present situation of credit crunch, their operating profit is falling. Boots market strategy failed to target socio-economic groups .OpportunityBoots has opportunity by some success with implant in south east Asia. There is a possibility of 100 million savings if they merger with Alliance Unichem. Women are the key customers of this kind business and at present that 11 million people have an advantage card, but only 9% being male. Now a days internet selling is important and Inte rnet sales becoming popular. They have an opportunity to expand their business in ethical market. Male healthcare and beauty products are also opportunity for boots. Increasing production when low revenue cost, increasing production when inflation rate is low, quick acceptance of latest technologies, take benefits of international trade policy, investments which is favourable for Boots are the opportunities of Boots.ThreatTesco and other supermarkets are threats after deregulation of Boots. Competitors sales of product through the internet is remarkably high as compared to Boots. Competitors, less interest of customers in product, fluctuations of price between competitors, changes in government policy like tax, revenue and inflation rate, Demographic changes in target market, changes in population age are the threats of Boots.CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONSBoots could expand their business overseas. Because it has had failures but can benefit from this experience. Boots could look f or further mergers to give it access to more markets either in the UK or abroad. Unichem does have pharmacies and hospitals abroad. Boots could continue with the idea of implants. Boots could continue with its consequence activity of developing new products in healthcare. It has a great deal of expertise in research and development and an understanding of the market. The male market is under-developed and needs to be expanded. The Advantage Card is not used by male customers. I would preach that Boots concentrate on its core business for a number of reasons which are Boots should not diversify because it has failed in markets, Boots has only recently merged with UniChem. If this proves to be successful it should merge with other companies as this increases market share and lowers cost, The UK market is saturated, Boots should expand its internet sales worldwide. Boots should re-design it marketing strategy toward young male customers. This would expand its core business. The Advan tage Card needs to be launched to male customers to improve the core business.

Organizational Structure Of The Edc Hotel Tourism Essay

Organizational Structure Of The Edc Hotel Tourism EssayThe staves available in EDC hotel be total with 60 people for every stand up(predicate) post. Amount the 60 people they be separate in 4 categories, which is fixed staff, contract staff, permanent office-time staff and evanescent staff. The numbers of permanent staff be in 4 people, contract staff 34 people, permanent part-time staff be 8 people and the temporary staffs ar 14 people.The General Manager of Hotel EDC is Mrs Suzzaini. She has been a lecturer in UUM before and now her as a full time staff in EDC. She as well as as the head who interview us when we doing research in EDC Hotel. For the different position and names by all the staff are shows with organization chart belowThe human resource policies are under control by the Human Resource or HR Department. The HR subdivision is using to bed and control the cognitive operation working of staff. Now, we are going to discuss about the human resource policies under EDC hotel.The EDC hotel are choosing 2 types of staff when they light upon excerption after recruitment. The 2 types of staff they taken are temporary staff and as well as permanent staff. The duty times for these 2 types of staff are different. For the temporary staff are acquire shorter working time and the salary are fewer than the permanent staff. By the permanent staff working times are full times, that mean they are working whole days however is a public holiday.The EDC hotel is facing the problems lack of staff. The cause of making this problem glide by is most of the staff inside EDC Hotel are temporary workers of staff. So, the staff inside EDC are working more than 1 job however they are getting same salary. Like an example, For the security guard of EDC Hotel at the front exit are overly working as a cleaner for guard family and also a staff of control room like control all the lights in EDC.EDC hotel also provide the planning program for the UUM students. The HR plane section is choosing the practical students from UUM as a temporary staff and also gives the take part in training program. This have helpful for solve the problems of workers shortage. After the students nuance practical, EDC hotel are give them chance to choose stay or leave the hotel and the HR division will choose another practical students to work in hotel again.Besides that, the EDC Hotel will also give chances for those students are wish to work in hotel when holidays or free times in hotel. The students who wish that will as a part-time workers, this mean the student shag quit eachtime and wont tight by a contract.The HR department also working as confirms that all the staff inside EDC is working, because they must quarter sure that the hotel is keep operation smoothly. Through the info above we have know the types and the operation of managing of staff inside EDC Hotel.The Sales and Marketing StrategiesSales is an important part in a hotel operation, the sales are good or not can advert the hotel operation also. The sales can bring the income and also the famous of the hotel. Every hotels are trying to push their sales at the top, even out if EDC UUM also.Through the hotel we making the research, EDC UUM we have get the information of the sales of the hotel are separate in 2 parts. The first champion is from the room sales of EDC hotel. The hotel EDC is located near the UUM so most of the consumers are students and their parents. And we also get that, the hotel EDC are get two peak season in every years, that is when the UUM running the week of orientation and during the convocation. The rooms of hotel EDC are fully booking by many another(prenominal) students and their parents during peak season. So, for someone they are late booking they cant get the room. Through the staff in EDC, we also get know that, for who like to get rooms when convocation or orientation weeks, they must booking earlier than 1 month before.We also get the information from the GM about that, at the normal days the rooms are available in anytime. It means every people can get booking at the time u like or u can choose direct to EDC and asking for the available rooms u can get. So for those parents and friends come to visit their children and friends in UUM can get accommodation with easily by EDC Hotel.One more part of the sale that supports the hotel income and operation is through the food and beverage department in EDC hotel. The restaurant in EDC hotel is available for public. This mean although u do not rent the hotel rooms in EDC u also can go roll in the hay the meals they provide after u pay it. This have attract many UUM students those are feeling ennui of the food provide in the food courts of UUM are going to EDC to enjoy the different meals in campus.Management and Functions of Each DepartmentThere were eight heed departments in EDC UUM such as front office, housekeeping, sales and marketing, food and beverage, huma n resources, finance and administrative, facilities and tending, and safety and security. Each department has their own function and responsibility to operate. previous Office DepartmentFront office department plays very important roles in EDC hotel. Thedepartment can be separate into two sections in that location are front desk and back office. Each section of front office services has their own responsibilities. The main function of the department is selling, register and assign guestroom to the customers. They also responsibilities to wait the phone call in the hotel and go for reservation for the customers. Front office service specialists also have a good understanding to take part in guest settlement such as resolve conflicts with customers and handle weirdly customers if certain cases had happen.Housekeeping DepartmentThe function of housekeeping department is hold the cleanliness and order, building and furniture in the hotel. Besides cleanliness, housekeeping departmen t must make sure the quiltable in the hotel such as softness of pillow, comfort of mattresses and quality of bed. These department personnel include chief of housekeeping department, supervisors, senior maids and maids which their jobs are checking the quality in the hotel periodically. Housekeeping department is one of the hotel services that are very strict regulation. Each position has its own well defined instructions.Sales and Marketing DepartmentThe main function of sales and marketing department is to promote the hotel products and services to the customers. They offer and selling the hotels room to individual guest for holiday purpose or diverse conferences facilities to certain customers. In addition, they also make an improvement on sales and public relations and brand image of hotel in the market. The department ceaselessly acts as an agent to provide latest information and updating to the hotel.Food and Beverage DepartmentThe function of the department is providing foo d and beverage to the customers. They also provide food and beverage for meetings, groups, conferences and theme parties. Meanwhile, EDC hotel also responsibilities provided cattle farm events to customers. The banquet events involve many service styles there are buffet services, family style service and so on. When during any festival, EDC hotel also provided Ramadhan package and offered to every customers to enjoy delicious food in the hotel.Human Resources DepartmentHuman Resource Department is a department that combines the traditional administrative function and well-being employees deep down the organization. They involve the activities such as planning, organizing, directing, and controlling employees at work. The department is amenable on hiring, terminating and training staff for the development and application of ongoing research on strategic advances. They also responsible for understanding their employees and identify their individual require and career goal, develop positive interaction between workers to ensure verify and positive enterprise productivity and provide remedial measures in the form of seminars or workshops for the worker who are lack of knowledge or insufficient training. On the other hand, HR also focuses on recruit the required workforce and manages staff effectively to success meet strategic goal.Finance DepartmentThe accounting department is monitoring the financial activities in the hotel. They prepare the budget and assign tax revenue to different department. They also prepare the financial statement of the hotel. Meanwhile, the department also collects the revenue from guests and giving salaries to employees. They always keep check on the account of FB cost, other purchases and expenditure under several heads for each department.Facilities and Maintenance DepartmentThe function of facilities and maintenance department in EDC hotel is provide a well repairing and maintenance services included structural, mechanical and e lectronic services, painting, air-conditioners repair and maintenance and so on. The department is also responsible to maintain all the furniture and fixtures in the hotel. Furthermore, they also work closely with the front office to ensure the guests satisfaction. The department must always make sure there have a safety and healthy work environment to the employees in the hotel.Safety and Security DepartmentThe security officers in the EDC hotel is responsible provide a safety and security environment to the hotel workers to work and business man to do business even customers who are stay in the hotel. isolated from that, security in the hotel also became an essential and strongly force in preventing losses and missing property. In addition, security guard also working as cleaners in the guard house and staff in the control room to control all the air-conditioner and PA system in the hotel while any activities were in the progress.Cost of Running OperationWe have been gone to the EDC hotel and interview their manager, Mrs.Suzzaini to interview how many the costs they are used in running a hotel. However, Mrs Suzzaini did not provide us very detail about the budgeting of the hotel because it is private and confidential. She just provided us the cost of electric and water cost there are about 52 thousand and 400 thousand per month. Below is a general costs that always will use to run a hotel plainly its only can act as a references.Basically, running a hotel need a lot of money to maintain stage. Cost of the publicity is one of the costs that cannot less. Most of the hotel are depend advertising and package to attract customers come and stay at their hotel. Then, a hotel needs some costs to make improvement on infrastructure and facilities and also maintenance on the building, electronic and water even any structural in the hotel.Meanwhile, hotel management also needs to pay taxes of the building and other fixed asset. To prepare FB to customers, hotel manage ment also needs some cost to purchase food and do banquet for customers. And the last but not least, accounting department also needs pay salary, incentive and bonus to their employees in the hotel.Common Problem Faced By HotelThe putting green problem that faced by EDC hotel is administrative problem such as movement of the staffs. When the staffs are leave, the hotel management needs some time to hire and training news staffs. Therefore, EDC hotel always faced lack of staffs in hotel department.Overbooking also is a problem that always faced by EDC hotel. When during convocation time and orientation week, there are many parents and graduate came to the hotel and stay at there. EDC hotel is one of the hotels that very near to the UUM compared to the other hotel, in order to convenience and no waste many time, EDC hotel always happen the rooms were overbooking. So, the hotel management now was build an extension of the hotel to overcame the hotels rooms overbooking in certain festi val.Customers complaints are very normal incident that always occurred in every hotel. The common problem that customers always complaints are poor customers service such as attitude and behavior of the workers, the food not delicious, waiting for more than 30 minute to eat in a restaurant and so on. Meanwhile, some customers also complaint about the pricing of the room, food even a service charge were very expensive. Therefore, hotel management must always train their staffs to fulfill the customers needs.

Computer Fraud

computing device FraudT take on 1(6.c)Importance and Effectiveness of Legal Regulation in data processor FraudIntroductionIn todays world due to the advancement in the modern technology there has been al shipway problem arising related with reckoners curiously ready reckoner fraud misuse. People who atomic numeral 18 using estimators argon deceived in many ways like program fraud, system hacking, email hoax, auction, retail sales, investment funds schemes, cultivation hacking, virus/worm attacks and people claiming to be experts on discipline areas. Anyone who uses the nurture processing system with an internet connection is a potential quarterdidate for being a victim of computer fraud. The computer fraud commit is increasing every day as the internet usage among the people increases, approximately of the people are using the computers and internet for a good cause moreover there are some people who are intention whollyy using the computers to bring kill some organizations or business firms or to get peoples personal information. But due to the implementation of current legal regulations in each and every handle the crime people started to get tracked down and are punished under the Computer Misuse Act, which may ultimately reduce the number of computer fraud rate in the future.BackgroundOver the past decades the amount of financial, military and intelligence information, business info and personal information is stored on and convey by computers has increased by tremendous growth. All the major sectors like government and military operations entirely depend upon computers / internet for their reach work pop out and entropy transmission. The information which is stored and transmitted via internet allow be vulnerable to attack from any unk at one timen source almost every organization has been affected in some way due to the computer fraud. The British National Computer Centre reported that more than 80% of British organization s suffered trade trade protection flagellum in the last two years 5, most of the investigation revealed that the computer fraud occurred involves unauthorised gravel to computers via the internet. The current growth in the technology nominate that inwardly a decade it will be possible for every person in the world to access all the information network including the security measures defence data and government departments personal information but it is in the hand of the people to learn sure that they do non misuse the ready(prenominal) information. Other than the increase in the number of computer users, there will be as well increase in the number of computers per person. Each person will own and connect to hundreds of computers for information processing through network environment. In thefuture all the people will use computers in home appliances, phones, televisions, offices and automobiles all these computers share the information to optimize the use of resources an d to provide convenience in daily life which might result in a threat for computer fraud.In this context we will discuss nearly the detailed term of* Computer fraud* Causes for computer fraud* Types of computer fraud/attacks* Basic ways to prevent computer fraud apart from legal regulation.* Importance / Effectiveness of the legal regulation in computer fraud.Computer FraudBasically computer fraud is defined as taking control access ineligiblely or stealing information without another(prenominal)s knowledge, computer fraud can take come in any form it includes fraud committed by an employee of a company using the computer to steal funds or information from the work company, whereas some people use deception to gain access to individual resources. Therefore the suit and the method carried out to do the computer fraud commute from people to people depending upon the need to do it.Causes for computer fraudMost of the computer fraud is through for the main purpose of gaining mone y either by stealing the needed information from big organizations/firms or directly stealing funds from big organizations/firms. There are few people who are not concerned about the money or information but they wanted to bring down the fame of the organization/firm so they reveal all the secrets of the specific organization and few people like hackers does the computer fraud/crime moreover for a fun.Types of computer fraudComputer fraud can be classified into many types depending upon the fraud committed but the major categorisations of fraud are mentioned below. All the computer crime/fraud taking place now a day comes under these main categories.o Internet auction/Bid sales fraudo Retail saleso investing schemeso Identity thefto Phisingo Credit poster fraudo Information hackingo Email hoaxo computer virus/Worm attacko Letter scamo Ad wareAll these types of computer frauds are caused mainly due to the advancement in the technology and crime is still growing around the world.B asic ways to prevent computer fraud apart from legal regulationThe most beta thing to do to prevent computer fraud is to be alert to the scams that are circulated over the internet so that it suffices to safeguard the system and the information stored within the system, there are some basic rules to be followed in order to prevent the system from computer fraudo Users should be awake of not to publish any of their personal details on the sacksites or forums.o The organization/firms should not broadcast much of their business details on the internet.o Organizations/firms should ensure that they follow security policies, and procedures.o People working at homes or organization should ensure that before sending any personal information on the net should check for valid signatures.Internet auction/bid sales fraudo Understand the way how the auction/bidding plant on the internet, think what is the need for the seller to sell it.o Check out what will be enactmentions taken by the on line seller if something goes wrong during consummation and shipment.o Try to find more information about the seller if the only information you hold is the business email id, check the Better course Bureau where the seller/business is locatedo Examine the sellers feedback on previous sales, if the seller has good history and good feedback on previous sales then there is no need to worry about the purchase.o Determine what method of payment the seller is asking for during the transaction.o Be aware of the difference in law of natures governing auctions between the U.K. and other countries like U.S, China. If a problem occurs with the auction transaction that has the seller in one country and a buyer in another country, it might result in a dubious outcome leaving you empty handed.o Be sure to ask the seller about when delivery can be expected and warranty/exchange information for the product.o To avoid unexpected costs, find out whether rapture and delivery cost are included in the auction price or are additional.o Finally, avoid giving out your social security or drivers license number to the seller, as the sellers have no need for this information.Credit Card Fraudo Do not give out credit card number online unless the site is both prepare and reputable. Sometimes a tiny icon of a padlock appears to symbolize a higher(prenominal) level of security to transmit data. The icon is not a guarantee of a ready site, but may provide you some assurance.o in advance using the site, check out the security computer software it uses make sure your information will be protected.o Make sure you are purchase product from a reputable/legitimate source. Once again investigate the person or company before purchasing products.o Try to fix a physical address rather than merely a post office box and a phone number, call the seller to see if the number is correct and working.o Send them e-mail to see if they have an active e-mail address and be cautious about the sellers who use free e-mail service where a credit card was not required to open the account.o Do not purchase from sellers who will not provide you with this type of information.o Check with the Better Business Bureau to see if there have been any complaints against the seller before.o Check out other web sites regarding this person/company details.o Be cautious when responding to special offers.o Be cautious when dealing with individuals/companies from outside your own country.o If you are expiration to purchase an item via the Internet, use a credit card since you can often dispute the charges if something does go wrong.o Make sure the transaction is ensure when you electronically send your credit card somewhere.o You should keep a list of all your credit cards and account information along with the card issuers contact information. If anything looks suspicious or you lose your credit card contact the card issuer immediately.Investment Fraudo Do not invest in anything based on appeara nces. Just because an individual or company has a flashy web site does not mean it is legitimate. Web sites can be created in just a few days. After a short period of taking money, a site can vanish without a trace.o Do not invest in anything you are not absolutely sure about. Thoroughly investigate the individual or company to ensure that they are legitimate.o Check out other web sites regarding this person/company.o Be cautious when responding to special investment offers inquire about all the cost and conditions dealing with the investors and the investment.Importance of the legal regulation in computer fraudAfter all the basic discussion about the concepts and the causes of computer fraud, we are divergence to discuss about the legal regulation issues related with the computer fraud which tells how the legal regulations prevent or reduce the increasing computer fraud rate in todays developing world of technology, Most of the law reform is achieved by modifying and extending ex isting law to cope with new situations rather than by the introduction of completely new legislation.This can sometimes make it difficult to find a single place where the whole of an area of law is clearly set out. The Computer Misuse Act was enacted in 1990 and it remains the primary piece of UK legislation focusing on the misuse of computer systems. It covers computer frauds such as hacking and the reflect spread of viruses and was created to prevent unauthorized access or qualifying of computer systems and to prevent criminal elements from using a computer to assist in the foreign mission of a criminal offence or from impairing or hindering access to data stored in a computer. In 2004, MPs specifically, the All-Party Internet Group (APIG) began a review of the CMA, on the basis that this legislation was created before the emergence of the Internet and therefore required updating 5. The Act was seen to focus too much on individual computers and not enough on computer networks . In addition some of the definitions used in the 1990 Act need updating. The final report adumbrate several recommendations to the government for changes to the CMA. In March 2005, APIG called for amendments to the CMA to address the threat from denial of service attacks.The Computer Misuse Act was passed in 1990 to deal with the problem of hacking/other threats of computer systems. In the early days hacking/other computer fraud related issues was not taken very seriously by the law and the motion picture was that it is mischievous rather than something which causes serious loss to organizations. However, with developments in technology the issue has become more serious and legislation was introduced to recognize three key offenceso unauthorised access to computer material, Example Finding or guessing someones password and then using that to get into a computer system and have a look at the information.o Unauthorized access with intent to commit but offences. The key to this of fence is the addition of intent to commit further offences. It therefore includes guessing or stealing a password and using that to access material or services without the consent of the owner.o Unauthorized modification of computer material. This could include deleting files, changing the desktop set-up or introducing viruses with the deliberate intent to impair the operation of a computer.Effectiveness of legal regulation in computer fraud ( Conclusion)All the above mentioned computer fraud issues was not taken seriously until the legal regulation was make properly, and due to the implementation of legal law of Computer Misuse Act, the effectiveness caused a tremendous change by punishing all the illegal users of the computer system. Below example shows the consequence for an Unauthorized Access to system.Incident Unauthorized Access to Communications SystemsProvision Computer Misuse Act Section 1Description Cause a computer to perform any function with the intention of securin g access to any program or data held in a computer, if this access is unauthorized and if this is known at the time of causing the computer to perform the function.Sanction A fine and/or a term of imprison housement not exceeding 6 months was sentenced for the illegal user.Total number of words in the Task1 report 2500Signed Task 2(2)Do legal developments in law relating to Software copyright and Patents help or harm the cause of information system securityInformation system security acts as the protection of information system against unauthorized access or modification of existing information whether in warehousing, processing or transit stage. The information system ensures to safeguard all the stored information. Information security covers not just information but the entire infrastructures that facilitate access and use of information. The primary concern to organizations is the security of valuable information which can be anything from a saying to a customer list or org anizations valuable information to financial statements. Three widely accepted elements of information system security areo Confidentiality Ensuring information is only accessed by authorized users.o Integrity Safeguarding the accuracy and completeness of information.o Availability To ensure that authorized user have secure access to information when required.Law relating to Software Copyright and PatentsIn early 1970s there was a debate concerning about whether there is a need to make a copyright for the softwares or not, but later on it was decided that all the developed software needed to be copyrighted and if needed it can also be conspicuoused under the UK Copyright, Design and Patents Act 1988. The UK law for copyright and patent helped the organizations from misuse of their developed softwares/concepts. Some organizations try to steal the concepts/ split of work out from developed software of other organization and try to utilize them in their developing software product . But due to the software copyright and patent law, all the leading software organizations like Microsoft started to make copyright for their parts of developed code, so that no other organizations can use their part of code for developing other applications, this helped most of the organizations to develop a unique software product.Legal requirement for Information SecurityKeeping valuable information secure is not only a matter of good organization practice it is also a legal requirement. Since 1999 in UK and most parts of the world, there is a statutory obligation on all organizations to maintain minimum levels of security. Organizations that fail to meet the minimum security requirements may face enforcement action by the UK governing body via the Information Commissioners Office. Enforcement action can take any form and the Information Commissioners powers are not limited. Organizations that want to be relatively safe can demand to implement BS7799 2, that is a voluntary stan dard which helps to ensure that sensitive information is handled by an organization in a professional and secure manner, it can done by making the organization to classify the sensitivity of information and to provide necessary control access to it.Legal developments in laws relating to software copyright and patents help the information system security (Conclusion)As discussed earlier, the main work of information system security is to provide a secure environment for the information storage and processing, in the past decades when there was no legal laws for software copyright and patents, hackers used to break the information system and get the needed information/softwares they are not really afraid of anything because there was not any law stating that taking/hacking the softwares/information was a crime which caused a big problem for the software developing organizations but now due to the development of legal laws if a person tries to hack the information system security, he c an be sentenced to prison due to the current state of law. So the development of the legal laws relating to software copyright and patents did help the information system security to make a secure environment.Total number of words in the Task2 report 500Signed Task 3(4)Evaluate the proposition that data protection laws are an unnecessary substance on legitimate popular and commercial data collectionThe Data protection Act was originally started on 1984 but later the existing act was replaced by the new Data Protection Act of 1998DPA 1998, the new act of 1998 implemented the EU Data protection Directive 95/46 3. The DPA relates to the protection of personal information that includes names, email addresses, financial details, personal documents and photographs. Personal information is everywhere and because it is generally impossible to separate personal information from other organizations information, most observers agree that the security standards required by the Data Protec tion Act are the minimum that must be applied to organization IT Systems as a whole. The security of information is so important to most organizations that, regardless of what the law require, organizations generally implement levels of security that are as high as budgets and technology.Data Protection Act of 1998Personal Data SecurityThe main legal requirements are set out in Principle 7 of the Data Protection Act 1998 says that all organizations must take Appropriate technical and organizational measures against unauthorized or unlawful use and against accidental loss, damage or destruction, of information. 4Today, all computerized processing of personal data, structured manual records, and even some unstructured manual records are subject to provisions of the DPA 1998, including the right of the individual to access the data which is held about them. Together with the Freedom of Information Act 2000 (FOIA 2000), the DPA 1998 has forced a re-think of organizations good practice i n personal data handling, new approaches to records management and made organizations consider more carefully their obligations to those whose data they hold. The FOIA 2000 extends the rights of the individual to access their data which had already existed under the DPA 1998. The definition of data is widened, as far as public authorities are concerned to include all other recorded information held by a public trust. However, there are limits to the data subject rights that apply to this additional category of data.A request by an individual for information about him or herself is exempt under the FOIA 2000 and should be handled as a subject access request under the DPA 1998. In certain circumstances such a request may involve the release of associated information in which case the provisions of sections 7(4) and (5) of the DPA 1998 should be used to determine whether it is appropriate to release the deuce-ace party information. Where an applicant specifically requests information about a third party or where responding to a request for information would involve the disclosure of personal information about a third party which is not also personal information about the applicant, the request falls within the remit of the FOIA 2000. However, the authority must apply the Data Protection Principles when considering the disclosure of information relating to individuals. An authority must not release third party information if to do so would mean breaching one of the Principles.ConclusionEven though the DPA secures the users personal information/data, there are some problems/burden exist for the legitimate users/public facing the Data Protection Act, according to DPA there is no exemption for back-up of data/information. In practice it will be unlikely that a data subject want access to data back-up and there is nothing to prevent a controller confirming that a data subject wishes to access only the most recent records. The back-up data which provides that automat ed data processed to replace other data which has been lost, destroyed or impaired are exempt from section 7 during the first transitional period ending on 23 October 2001 but this is not a general exemption for back-up data in the traditional sense.Total number of words in the Task3 report 500Signed Bibliographyo Andrew Terrett., The Internet, Business Strategies for Law firms, (2000, Law Society, London)o Bobbie Johnson., UK computer laws are ridiculous, April 30, http//technology.guardian.co.uk/news/story/0,,1763989,00.htmlo Computer Fraud and its Acts, April 30, http//www.itwales.com/999573.htmo Concepts of Patent work, May 1, http//www.patent.gov.uk/about/consultations/conclusions.htmo Data protection effect on senior management, May 2, http//www.jisc.ac.uk/index.cfm?name=pub_smbp_dpa1998o Data protection law, The key change, May 1, http//webjcli.ncl.ac.uk/1998/issue4/widdis4.htmlo David Icove. and Karl Seger, Computer Crime, (1995, OReilly Associates, USA)o David S. Wall., Cyberspace Crime, (2003, Darmouth Publishing Company , Hants, England)o Douglas Thomas. and Brian Loader, Cyber crime, (2000, Routledge publication , London)o Facts on copyright, May 1, http//www.intellectual-property.gov.uk/faq/copyright/what.htmo Fraud law reforms, April 30, http//www.bcs.org/server.php?show=conWebDoc.1149o Fraud Tips, April 30, http//www.fraud.org/internet/intset.htmo Hacking and other computer crime, April 30, http//www.met.police.uk/computercrime/SO6o Ian Lloyd., Information Technology Law, (1997, Reed Elsevier Ltd, Halsbury, London)o Joshua Rozenberg., Privacy and the Press, (2005, Oxford university press Inc , USA)o Michael Levi., Regulating Fraud, (1987, Tavistock publication , London)o bracing laws for computer fraud, April 30, http//www.thisismoney.co.uk/news/article.html?in_article_id=400895in_page_id=2o Summary of Intellectual property rights, May 1, http//www.copyrightservice.co.uk/copyright/intellectual_propertyo Susan Singleton., Data protection The New Law, (1998, Jordans Publication , Bristol)o UK Data protection laws are chaotic, May 2, http//www.theregister.co.uk/2004/11/17/data_protection_laws_chaotic/

Voice in Writing Essay -- Writing Write Education Papers

Voice in themeThere are many several(predicate) human bodys and styles expenditured in constitution. Writing is a body of communication that is pulmonary tuberculosisd to document and express ideas people have. Through the years as people grow and learn knew shipway of typography, writing awareness of a person will evolve into a much higher level of thinking. From the first term paper a person writes in high domesticate to the papers they hand in at the college level, the writing will have matured over the years. The authors of writing develop new and more sophisticated slipway in expressing themselves through the words they use in writing. Through step up history writers have found ways in which they preempt achieve the goals of gaining the endorsers attention and hang in them interested. A good form of literature doesnt just write extinct on paper by itself, much preparation and ideas need to be worked out before it is finished. An author raise improve his or her wri ting by giving thought to various ways of expressing their writing. One way of improving their writing is by using voice. Voice cease offer writers different ways of explaining their thoughts. The voice the author gives to the writing is one of the most important ways writers bottom of the inning express what they want the contributor to hear in the paper. There are many different styles of voice a author can choose from to use in his or her writing. Whether it is fiction or nonfiction, voice gives the lector a sense of who is talking. Voice can also be important in the commentary of the typeface matter the author is trying to get across to the endorser. By choosing a particular voice to explain a certain case the reader may correspond better to that voice and understand what the writer is saying. The voice the author chooses should fit with the writing,... ...d in develops. This could be one translation why so many students find them boring to read. Without voice there is no emotion shown by the writer about the subject presented. Without any voice in the writing, the reader can have a hard time finding the material interesting. In order to find it interesting the reader needs to find the subject interesting. Voice usually is not used in texts because the voice can influence the reader and not present just the facts. Voice can be a very important feature in writing. Voice can be used by writers to give their writing more meaning. Voice can have influence over the reader, which can make it useful for the writer. Voice can be represented in many ways and gives the writer different options of its usage. If a writer has not worked with voice before in his or her writing, it maybe to their advantage to experiment with it. Voice in Writing Essay -- Writing Write Education PapersVoice in WritingThere are many different forms and styles used in writing. Writing is a form of communication that is used to document and express ideas people h ave. Through the years as people grow and learn knew ways of writing, writing awareness of a person will evolve into a much higher level of thinking. From the first term paper a person writes in high school to the papers they hand in at the college level, the writing will have matured over the years. The authors of writing develop new and more sophisticated ways in expressing themselves through the words they use in writing. Throughout history writers have found ways in which they can achieve the goals of gaining the readers attention and fete them interested. A good form of literature doesnt just write out on paper by itself, much preparation and ideas need to be worked out before it is finished. An author can improve his or her writing by giving thought to different ways of expressing their writing. One way of improving their writing is by using voice. Voice can offer writers different ways of explaining their thoughts. The voice the author gives to the writing is one of the most important ways writers can express what they want the reader to hear in the paper. There are many different styles of voice a author can choose from to use in his or her writing. Whether it is fiction or nonfiction, voice gives the reader a sense of who is talking. Voice can also be important in the explanation of the subject matter the author is trying to get across to the reader. By choosing a particular voice to explain a certain subject the reader may correspond better to that voice and understand what the writer is saying. The voice the author chooses should fit with the writing,... ...d in schools. This could be one explanation why so many students find them boring to read. Without voice there is no emotion shown by the writer about the subject presented. Without any voice in the writing, the reader can have a hard time finding the material interesting. In order to find it interesting the reader needs to find the subject interesting. Voice usually is not used in texts becaus e the voice can influence the reader and not present just the facts. Voice can be a very important feature in writing. Voice can be used by writers to give their writing more meaning. Voice can have influence over the reader, which can make it useful for the writer. Voice can be represented in many ways and gives the writer different options of its usage. If a writer has not worked with voice before in his or her writing, it maybe to their advantage to experiment with it.

The Role of Propaganda in China Gate, The Green Berets, and Rambo: First Blood, Part Two :: Movie Film Essays

The Role of Propaganda in China provide, The Green Berets, and Rambo First Blood, break away TwoFilm has established itself as a major medium by which our culture reflects and shapes its reality (Taylor 186). Nowhere is Bruce Taylors statement made more(prenominal) clear than in movies about the Vietnam state of war. While some films, like Stanley Kubricks Full Metal Jacket, illustrate how horrible the army can be, other Vietnam struggle films glorify the armed services and American superiority in an attempt to alleviate the publics fears that the war was a negative undertaking. China introduction (1957), The Green Berets (1968), and Rambo First Blood, Part Two (1985) all glorify Americans at war. As Leo Cawley claims in his essay, The War about the War Vietnam Films and American Myth, they desire to show that the Americans are the good guys, the Viet Cong are the bad guys, and the peasants are the frightened townsfolk who need protection and rule of law (74). The characters i n these films have no ambiguity to them, but quite just the opposite they are either paradigms of goodness or pillars of evil. By analyzing these one-dimensional characterizations, we are clearly able to discriminate the propaganda in these films. Propaganda in films did not begin with the sending of U.S. troops to Vietnam. As the French were slowly losing the battle in Southeast Asia in the 1950s and the joined States was consequently taking over monetary as well as human forces there, an explanation was necessary for the American people. Samuel Fullers China Gate was made to offer just that. Filmed when the U.S. was already active in Vietnam but not yet involved in an outright war, the movie, which has a rather clear political intent, attempts to, as David E. Whillock says, produce a positive image of involvement in Southeast Asia to the American public (305). The film seeks to influence American audiences against the Communists and to show the public that Americans are just trying to help the poor South Vietnamese. Made at a time when the Red Scare was at its height, China Gate is an obvious representation of the fear of Communism in that era. In fact, at the time the film was made, there were over two deoxycytidine monophosphate suspected Communists blacklisted by the Hollywood studios themselves (Belton 242). This attitude comes through in the film right from the beginning with a voice-over that Rick Berg, in his essay Losing Vietnam Covering the War in an Age of Technology, calls a political endorsement disguised as a history lesson (53).