Classical Music Essay -- Music Musical Classical Essays

Classical Musicn traditional genre of euphony conform to an established form and appealing to critical interest and developed musical taste syn serious music Classical music, as the name suggests, is a well-established kind of music, at least in the West. Classical music concerts take place in every cultural center, and they take many forms, from a solo to large symphonious orchestras, from a sonata to an opera. This kind of music has many fans, especially among circles of intellectuals. But how did this great kind of music start? What made the great composers compose? And how was this all utilize before the time of recorded music and portable mp3 players? These are the questions we are going to examine today. Music historians place the beginnings of classical music in europium during the 1730s, though there is not a clear cut-point, since it gradually evolved from the Baroque style that was dominant before. Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach and Christoph Willibald Gluck a re considered to be the founders of classical music. But what triggered this late kind of music? Ask a physicist, and the answer is quite clear The new ideas of natural philosophy, proposed in the late 17 th nose candy by Sir Isaac Newton, suggested that the universe has a clear structure, well founded in axioms, articulated and orderly. These ideas were reflected in the music of the 18 th century, but also in architecture, literature, and the liberal arts in general. This new style in the arts is referred to as Classicism. Back in those days, music was not as common as it is now. sensation could not carry thousands of songs in ones pocket. Music was rather a privilege of the royalty and their court. For example, one of the most impor... ... it can be heard in parks, pose lots, train and underground stations. It can be found even in the pockets of people carrying mp3 players around. Young people beware to it, old people listen to it, babies listen to it. Classical music is not only a kind of music its a way to concentrate, to relax, to worship. Classical music is a way of life. Sources http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_music_era http//www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/history/Mathematicians/Newton.html http//www.classical.net/music/links/musiclnk.html http//news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/422644.stm http//www.freenewmexican.com/artsfeatures/10701.html http//www.healingproducts.com/sound_health_series.htmconcentration http//www.freenewmexican.com/artsfeatures/10701.html http//www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/clipserve/B000001GDR001001/0/104-1287315-5901551

Title Of The Great Gatsby :: essays research papers

Gatsbys GreatnessThere is much controversy on why F. Scott Fitzgerald chose his chef-doeuvre to be title The Great Gatsby. Fitzgerald chose The Great Gatsby as the title to show the duality of how the central character of Jay Gatsby is great in trying determinedly to obtain his goal of Daisy, but how his greatness brings about his own downfall.Gatsby is, at first glance, truly great, for he pursues his dream of Daisy relentlessly. Jordan Baker, in a conversation with Nick Carraway, lets him know that Gatsby treasured to let Daisy know how rich and powerful was how he wanted her to see his house, which is extravagant. Gatsby wants to impress Daisy with his newfound wealth in order to bring her back to him. Gatsby is also highly approbative about achieving his goal, and thinks that he is going to fix everything just the way it was before. Gatsby does not want to lose sight of his dream through petty pessimism. Gatsby also has fadeless loyalty to his goal of pursuing Daisy. When Daisy strikes and hits Myrtle with Gatsbys car, Gatsby takes the blame for it. He believes that lying for her will help him in his quest to get Daisy to love him. Gatsby is great in his unyielding pursuit for Daisy.Ultimately, however, Gatsby can only be considered great in a sarcastic tone, for the way in which he pursues his noble goal brings results in some one getting hurt. His great optimism that everything will be just the way it was delays and intensifies the effects of the inevitable fact that his encounter with Daisy was nothing but a presumptuous little flirtation to Tom, which Daisy tacitly agrees with. Gatsby also has acquired his great wealth from bootlegging the sale of illegal liquor. Liquor ends up most of the time in helping mountain such as the ones at the one of the many huge parties get hurt, such as the time in which Tom breaks Myrtles nose. By helping the statistical dissemination of liquor, Gatsby is hurting bulk, though he cannot see it.Title Of The Great Gatsby essays research papers Gatsbys GreatnessThere is much controversy on why F. Scott Fitzgerald chose his masterpiece to be title The Great Gatsby. Fitzgerald chose The Great Gatsby as the title to show the duality of how the central character of Jay Gatsby is great in trying determinedly to gain his goal of Daisy, but how his greatness brings about his own downfall.Gatsby is, at first glance, truly great, for he pursues his dream of Daisy relentlessly. Jordan Baker, in a conversation with Nick Carraway, lets him know that Gatsby wanted to let Daisy know how rich and powerful was how he wanted her to see his house, which is extravagant. Gatsby wants to impress Daisy with his newfound wealth in order to bring her back to him. Gatsby is also highly sanguine about achieving his goal, and thinks that he is going to fix everything just the way it was before. Gatsby does not want to lose sight of his dream through petty pessimism. Gatsby also has pure(a) loyalty to his goal of p ursuing Daisy. When Daisy strikes and hits Myrtle with Gatsbys car, Gatsby takes the blame for it. He believes that lying for her will help him in his quest to get Daisy to love him. Gatsby is great in his unyielding pursuit for Daisy.Ultimately, however, Gatsby can only be considered great in a sarcastic tone, for the way in which he pursues his noble goal brings results in some one getting hurt. His great optimism that everything will be just the way it was delays and intensifies the effects of the inevitable fact that his encounter with Daisy was nothing but a presumptuous little flirtation to Tom, which Daisy tacitly agrees with. Gatsby also has acquired his great wealth from bootlegging the sale of illegal liquor. Liquor ends up most of the time in helping people such as the ones at the one of the many huge parties get hurt, such as the time in which Tom breaks Myrtles nose. By helping the distribution of liquor, Gatsby is hurting people, though he cannot see it.

macbeth :: essays research papers

The play Macbeth was written by William Shakespeare. This play tells of betrayal, temptations, ambitions, murder, treason and manipulation. The readers feels sympathetic for MacBeth, as he is stuck in the nitty-gritty of a situation he cant get out of. However, sympathy is lost when MacBeth commits evil deeds that he is notwithstanding responsible for. Macbeth is only persuaded to commit treason, but due to his paranoia he knock offs many more people. The main focus is Macbeth, world the unfortunate victim, from the 3 evil witches to Lady Macbeth. His downfall is caused by other people around him.Macbeth is the unfortunate victim of other peoples greed and for this the reader sympathises. The three withes are a physical heading of evil. They conspire to kill as many people as possible, under their superior, Hecate. Using their evil gift to see into the future, they can tell that by exploitation Macbeth as a tool for destruction they can fill him with evil. To get Macbeth to do their evil biddings, they first influence him by planting a origin of evil into his mind. By giving Macbeth that prophecy, they ensure that their plans will work. Macbeth is a good and loyal kinsman who would never harm his King. Were it not for outside forces, he would have lived mirthfully as Thane of Cawdor, a high position title in itself. Macbeth does not even want to kill King Duncan. He says chance may hood me without my stir, which means that if he become king, he would not commit any evil to get there. Fearing the witches message means that he will kill the king in the future, he says Present fears are less than horrible imaginings. Three evil withes foretell that Macbeth will become Thane of Cawdor and even King of Scotland. Macbeth ignored their prophecies, but after he was promoted to Thane of Cawdor for his brave fight in the war, Macbeth wonders if he could become king, and than his ambition takes over. Up until this point, sympathy is lost, as MacBeth takes a turn for the worst, obeying to his wifes commands, and being tempted by the thought of becoming king. Lady Macbeth is an ambitious woman like her counter-part, but there the reader never feels sympathetic for her. She is an evil women, blinded by her greed, she makes MacBeth commit evil deeds, and leads herself and MacBeth to their self destruction.

computer :: essays research papers

Twenty-five years ago, Larry Ellison saw an opportunity other companies miss when he came across a description of a working prototype for a relational informationbase and discovered that no company had commit to commercializing the technology. Ellison and his co-founders, Bob miner and Ed Oates, realized in that respect was tremendous commercial enterprise potential in the relational database model--but they may not have realized that they would change the face of business computing forever. Today Oracle (Nasdaq ORCL) is still at the head of the pack. Oracle technology can be found in nearly every fabrication around the world and in the offices of 98 of the Fortune 100 companies. Oracle is the first softwargon company to develop and deploy 100% internet-enabled enterprise software across its entire product line database, business applications, and application development and decision support tools. Oracle is the worlds leading supplier of software for information management, and the worlds secondly largest independent software company. Oracle has always been an innovative company. It was one of the first companies to make its business applications available through the internet--today, that idea is pervasive. Now Oracle is committed to making sure that all of its software is designed to work together--the suite approach--and other companies, analysts, and the press are beginning to acknowledge that Oracle is right. Whats in stack away for tomorrow? We will continue to innovate and to lead the industry--while always making sure that were focused on solving the problems of the customers who rely on our software (http//www.oracle.com/ unified/index.html?story.html)We will first look at the hardware and software platforms to see how they measure up, and what, if any, special requirements are needed, as well as the costs that are associated with them. Next, we will look at the deployment of the application and what it takes to roll out a production system . Once the application is up and running, performance becomes the top priority of the data center. We can first note that the hardware and software requirements are similar. The abstraction to the application is also the same with both solutions - it gives an illusion of a single database and there is no need to modify the SQL code. The differences are in ease of deployment, performance and manageability. Both databases have similar cluster hardware requirements. A cluster is a group of independent servers that collaborate as a single system. The primary cluster components are processor nodes, a cluster interconnect (private network), and a harrow subsystem.

Irony in Chinua Achebes Things Fall Apart :: Things Fall Apart essays

Things Fall Apart That year the harvest was sad, like a funeral, and many farmers wept as they dug up the miserable and rotting yams. One man tied his cloth to a tree branch and hanged himself. Okonkwo remembered that tragic year with a arctic shiver throughout the rest of his life. It always surprised him when he thought of it later that he did not sink under the load of despair. He knew that he was a fierce fighter, but that year had been enough to break the heart of a lion. Since I survived that year, he always said, I shall survive anything. He gravel it down to his inflexible will. His father, Unoka, who was then an ailing man, had said to him during that terrible harvest month Do not despair. I know that you will not despair. You arrive at a manly and a proud heart. A proud heart can survive a general ill fortune because such a failure does not prick its pride. It is more than difficult and more bitter when a man fails alone. The above passages were taken from the end o f chapter three, part one. After finishing schooling this book and then going back through it, I found these passages very ironic in regards to how the story eventually ended. Okonkwo believed that because he was such a fierce fighter, he could conquer anything life threw at him. However, it was his fierce, proud, fighting attitude that was his demise in the face of uncontrollable circumstances in the end. Okonkwo believed that war and zoology fighting would fix everything. He was a proud and stubborn man constantly struggling to improve his standing in the tribal community. Okonkwo also had aggravated pride for his tribe and way of life. He believed it was the right way of life and not to be questioned. Everyone was supposed to fear war with Umofia due to their fierce warriors and illustriousness in battle. When the white men not only did not fear them, but openly threatened the tribal way of life, Okonkwo prepared to handle the function the only way he knew how. He wanted to got to war against the new white invaders, chasing them from tribal lands and ending the threat of different ways of life. The passage ends with, it is more difficult and more bitter when a man fails alone.

American Immigration :: essays research papers

American Immigration LawsBouncers at the BorderGive me your tired, your poor, Your huddled mint yearning to breathe free, The wretched refuse of your teeming shore. Send these, the homeless, tempest-tost to me, I lift my lamp beside the golden door" These are the words inscribed at the base of the Statue of Liberty, which has become the American icon for those who wish to make the United Stated thier home. How true do these words hold relative to US in-migration polocies?     The US is a Nation of Immigrants. Since this its beginnings, immigration has played a vital part in this countries development. People from all parts of the world, from different ethinic, political, religious, and cultrual backgrounds populate this jalopy of land east of the Pacific and west of the Atlantic. This compilation of people is often described with metaphors such as "melting pot" or "cultural mosaic." It is this vicissitude that is practically synonimous with United States of America nearly since its infancy. It is also this diversity that has creatied such controversy. Natural human fear of what is different has caused more established groups of people to interrogation the place in society of those groups of people that are relatively new. This is a general statement that sums up, for the most part, the specific issues that are seen as controversial. Throughout memoir these issues have been fairly public. The main controversy lies in the passing of a plethera of laws throughout the existence of the US regulating immigration and in the handling of amerciable immigration. Modern immigration polocies have recieved less and less publicity as tolerance becomes more widespread, although each person is entitled to their own opinion nearly the issue.

American Immigration :: essays research papers

American Immigration LawsBouncers at the BorderGive me your tired, your poor, Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free, The wretched refuse of your teeming shore. turn on these, the homeless, tempest-tost to me, I lift my lamp beside the golden door" These are the words inscribed at the base of the Statue of Liberty, which has become the American icon for those who wish to leave the United Stated thier home. How true do these words hold relative to US immigration polocies?     The US is a Nation of Immigrants. Since this its beginnings, immigration has played a vital part in this countries development. People from all parts of the world, from different ethinic, political, religious, and cultrual backgrounds populate this mass of land east of the Pacific and west of the Atlantic. This compilation of stack is often described with metaphors such as "melting pot" or "cultural mosaic." It is this novelty that is practically synonimous with United States of America nearly since its infancy. It is also this diversity that has creatied such controversy. Natural human fear of what is different has caused more established groups of people to question the place in society of those groups of people that are relatively new. This is a general statement that sums up, for the most part, the specific issues that are seen as controversial. Throughout history these issues have been fairly public. The main controversy lies in the button of a plethera of laws throughout the existence of the US regulating immigration and in the handling of illegal immigration. Modern immigration polocies have recieved less and less promotion as tolerance becomes more widespread, although each person is entitled to their own opinion about the issue.

Cultural Diversity within Organizations

Addressing Cultural Diversity within OrganizationsTeg does non hold a form guidance plan or policy in topographic point. Cultural mixed bag within organisations has been known to heighten productiveness and swell inter-relationship between the employees. Examples of heathen smorgasbord argon multi heathen dialogue, communicating, direction every(prenominal) bit mature as in other concern patterns much(prenominal) as enlisting. This sort of diverseness has gained signification in the current planetary economic system. However the ethnic differences constructs and their effects on making concern and communication are complex and have several(prenominal) viing footings in usage. This paper seeks to typeset up the footings for ethnical differences every bit rock-steady as analyze their impacts on an industry such as bespeak Engineering Group ( TEG ) . The paper at whatever rate seeks to set up the heathen diverseness plans that can be developed at TEG.The footings inter- cultural and multi-cultural are chiefly apply when mentioning to the integrating of disparate refinements from different states. In every bit much as this may be true, cultural diverseness besides embraces several local anaesthetic facets such as the ratio of adult females to work forces in a workplace. In Helen Sharp s ( 1995 ) work Challenging Students to React to Multicultural Issues , on that point are two casings that query the possibility of an American working in a foreign land. Besides, the footings in cultural diverseness are non hardly corresponding to international integrating, but besides to gender, race, generational or socio-cultural issues. Understanding the significance of diverseness is the initial measure towards daily round toing the issues related to diverseness.The universe in which we screw demonstrates a perfect illustration of diverseness. thither is a diverse universe of the Moon, Sun, stars, planes and other organic structures with each holding it s ain bound way every bit good as its intent fro creation. Since the people who live in this universe are of diverse gender, race, cultural and geographical entities the industries and companies such as TEG mustiness absorb and acculturate these constructs. The employees in a confederacy are diverse in category, gender, faith every bit good as diverse states and backgrounds. For triple-crown operation of TEG, it must follow civilization variegation to suit each of the above listed diversenesss.Cultural diverseness may be defined as the pastiche of civilizations or human societies in a peculiar part in our instance the TEG. Cultural diverseness besides refers to the cultural differences that exist between persons such as linguistic communication, frock and traditions, art and interests, moral and spiritual every bit good as the disparities in the manner societies organize themselves. Cultural diverseness is nevertheless hard to quantify but on the other manus it is easy identi fiable. There are certain facets of cultural diverseness that deficiency at TEG on top of the deficiency of a diverseness direction plan. TEG does non hold a diverse concourse of the black employees every bit good as adult females on their staff. This is evidenced by the low per centum of black employees in this company. TEG has besides non taken the advantages that come with the acceptance of cultural diverseness despite being really successful in supplying professional technology operate in the tri-county parts of West Palm Beach, Broward and Miami-Dade. Besides the Human Resource at TEG does non concentrate its attempts on seeking the services of the minorities particularly when advertisement for a course place. The occupation advertizements are placed on the web sites or the newsprint ( Keyton, 2005 ) .The companies that have developed cultural diverseness are making really good despite being in the homogeneous concern as TEG. The phosphate buffer solution & A J is one of those companies that extremely determine diverseness. Another illustration of a company that upholds diverseness is the Associated Engineering. This company has a enlisting scheme in topographic point that embraces diverseness by the periodic enlisting thrusts. These thrusts are geared towards capturing the services of immigrants from foreign part such as South Africa, Asia or Australia. In order to turn to these cultural lacks at TEG, the intercessions made must clearly place the demand, prosecute clear aims, make full a healthy nothingness, every bit good as supply the appropriate accomplishable solutions by puting assorted norms and criterions. It is hence prerequisite to ascertain that each of the above demands is met for our instance in point-TEG.There are several facets that have led to the cultural diverseness lack at TEG. One of these facets is the deficiency off comprehensive spate on the effects of globalisation on cultural diverseness. In every bit much as TEG may be successful in the preparation of technology consultancy services, the company does non continue the diverseness of cultural look with respect to the mounting globalisation of the economic system. The attack taken by TEG does non encompass cultural diverseness and may be termed as disconnected. This relates to human rights, linguistic communication rights, heritage protection, international cultural cooperation, cultural policies, cultural pluralism every bit good as rational belongings rights. TEG requires understanding on all these demands as it strives to make diverseness within the staff ranks. The company should concentrate on enrolling the nonage groups more so the immigrants. These persons have diverse cognition that would be used to the advantage of TEG. The article by Replicon Inc. merely wholly supports this side of meat in Employers squash Diversity Immigrants go basis of company growth . Due to the deficit of engineers and technology professionals TEG is bound to concen trate on the foreign chances for enrolling staff. The system has been adopted by Associated Engineering and it is really working to their advantage ( Hellriegel and Slocum, 2009 ) .Another challenge that could be confronting TEG and could besides be a possible cause of the cultural diverseness lacks realised is the trouble in turn toing the civilization issue caput on. The company seems to be more focussed on the commercialized facet as conflicting to the cultural diverseness facet. In order to accomplish a reconciliation between the commercial and cultural facets in that location is demand to openly show the cultural positions. Teg might be enduring from fright of the liberalisation of trade in the universe being hampered by developing cultural diverseness saving policies. However, cultural diverseness look testament be critical in the capableness of the company following the alterations that come with globalisation. Therefore the company should subject the commercial issues to civilization jussive moods and therefore pr government issue commercial facet from ruling the concern. It is merely by cultural diverseness that the company can be able to recognize the commercial facets efficaciously.Teg can be able to advance cultural diverseness guided by the rules discussed below. The company must acknowledge the being of cultural diverseness as an of import tool for accomplishing the commercial aims of the company. Therefore, the company should confirm and acknowledge cultural diverseness at the local, regional and international grades every bit good as reflecting on the policies brought by this diverseness towards recognizing the ends of the company. The company must besides advance participatory democracy. This means the publicity of heritage representation while including the active enter of all the stakeholders. This would be achieved by the usage of dialogue, audience every bit good as engagement. Heritage representation particularly of the employees p ass on actuate them to find out their diverse civilizations towards doing the company more successful.TEG must besides concentrate on coordination and cooperation. This means that the company should portion undertakings and promote cultural exchanges in a position of cooperation and coordination. This leave alone guarantee that the company is maximising resources and the available expertness both at a planetary and regional degree. For TEG to accomplish cultural diverseness it must ship on community edifice and peace devising. TEG is bound to acknowledge and appreciate the sense of individuality and topographic point of the diverse persons it may enroll. By appreciating their diverse heritages and furthering a shared position, the spirit of rapprochement and assurance on the multi-cultural employees is built. This will climax in effectual occupation productions and broadening of the concern.Cultural diverseness is besides realized with capacity edifice. The company should be dire cted to transform and alter as per the multicultural societies that exist about. Finally the company should guarantee the resourcefulness of the diverse cultures it may hold in the signifier of staff. This will guarantee that the company can maximise on the variegation of the resources available to turn to the concerns of cultural economic sciences every bit good as cultural equity. The civilization of an organisation guides the members on how work of the organisation should be conducted. The civilization besides entails the grounds foe being and the aims of the company. Finally cultures in organisation order how persons should associate to each other at the workplace every bit good as to those outside the topographic point of work.As Cox ( 1991 ) illustrates, bias is the look of negative personal attitudes towards persons affiliated to a peculiar cultural group. favouritism on the other manus involves the discernible inauspicious behaviour directed to members of a peculiar cultural group. Therefore, TEG must guarantee that it protects its resource of diverse courtly employees from these actions. This will take to peaceable and confident working countries. There are several dimensions to cultural diverseness non needfully established at TEG. These are ethnicity, age, place position, income, Gender, military experience, educational background, sexual orientation, race, Work experience every bit good as societal category. All these dimensions must be considered in the event that TEG might desire to incorporate cultural diverseness by using staff from different civilizations. This is because of the fact that a heterogenous group of persons can merely work together and efficaciously through cooperation and consensus.The company must besides non bury about enrolling the local persons who are qualified for the occupation. This will guarantee the supervise of civilization within the part where the company operates. Two persons do non needfully have the same sentim ent by virtuousness of being in the same cultural group. Therefore in every bit much as variegation should be encouraged integrating with more of the local cultural groups will besides turn out successful. In order to deduce maximal end product from the rich cultural backgrounds, TEG must set up degree playing Fieldss for the different cultural groups. Two qualified persons form the Black community and the White community should hold similar wage bundles as per their makings and occupation experiences. Besides the adult females employed in the company holding similar makings as the work forces should besides be given equal wage bundles. This will advance civilization equality that will heighten occupation production since no cultural group will experience inferior to the other.In any company, the first stage of deducing maximal benefits from diverseness is the development of a conjunct attempt towards what signifiers of cultural diverseness issues within an organisation. The recogni tion of the being of assorted persons and groups of persons with different cultural backgrounds is an of import measure in this initial stage. The assorted cultural dimensions that exist in PBS & A J every bit good as Associated Engineering will be discussed in order to turn to the cultural diverseness issue amicably. PBS & A J Corporation has been in the front line in encompassing cultural diverseness within its environments. The inclusion of a web page known as diverseness in their web site will decidedly work good for the advantage of the company. The web page consists of information on diverseness preparation, diverseness consciousness, and affinity groups every bit good as the CDAC-supported professional organisations web pages. This has enabled the company to offer best solutions to their patronages and at the same clip increasing their productiveness. The company besides offers conversion developing plan that include a one-day workshop.It is a known fact that the acceptanc e of cultural diverseness has its ain portion of disadvantages. There will be struggles, nerve-racking state of affairss and sick feelings originating from the acceptance of sub-cultures in these companies. Therefore it is necessary for all the persons to pass on about their cultural differences. However, it is hard to discourse cultural differences without fall backing to stereotypes. In ideal nature, stereotypes do non be. This is because no person is absolutely similar to another and no member of a cultural group can be a ringer of another. Besides, as cultural diverseness develops, the challenge of communicating besides arises. This leads to the necessity for greater attempts that will harbour amend and effectual communicating accomplishments. Therefore, PBS & A J Corporation should follow effectual communicating schemes to be use by their multi-cultural employees. This will guarantee that there are no cultural struggles or favoritisms on the footing of civilization.Discussion and consciousness nowadayss a clearer image of cultural diverseness, understanding and appreciating cultural diverseness does non needfully bespeak digesting differences amongst the individuals in a group but it besides involves fostering and back uping them. By back uping and fostering diverseness within the cultural groups, the company will heighten its other aims through sharing of information, thoughts, issues every bit good as civilizations. It has been established that fostering diverseness creates chances for development of character through learning regard and tolerance for persons and advancing the concern for equity. For the company in inquiry to perpetuate and boom, it must back up a culturally-diverse squad that values and esteem all persons from different backgrounds. The acceptance of the position quo of cultural diverseness may confront some challenges but it does non function as alibi for avoiding charge ( Nestor, 1991 ) .The traditional thaw theory has two positio ns on immigrants who have settled in America. The scheme of immigrant has been adopted by Associated Engineering Corporation and it is working good. There is a high possibility that the immigrants will reside the characters and ways of their old states and intermingle absolutely with the new environment. However there are two delusive beliefs that are presented by this theory. The first one assumes that the colored Americans will endeavor to be like the white Americans. The 2nd 1 is that the colored people will non happen any importance in following the civilization of the new universe. Those false beliefs nevertheless have been marred by rejection and a batch of contentions. This is because of the mischief of the individual monoculture in today s universe. Many organisations are following a pluralistic work force that continues to germinate through cultural invite and integrating. The Associated Engineering Corporation should guarantee that the immigrants hired from different ci vilizations blend good with the dominant Whites civilization in the company.Another facet that was seen as a cultural diverseness lack in TEG is the issue of gender penchant. The company has adult females employees as compared to the work forces population. Therefore, TEG should increase the qualified female employees in their staff. There are other factors that impact the bounds to which diverse civilizations integrate with the bing 1s. The ground for in-migration of the recruited employees influences a batch. The vicinity or background of the immigrants must besides be established. nigh immigrants come from cultural or non-ethnic vicinity that might act upon the attitudes of these persons towards cultural diverseness. The socioeconomic position, instruction and the upward growing of these persons should be evaluated so as to set up how good they adapt to the different civilizations they may confront. TEG s mission is built to react to the client s demands by supplying quality ser vices through better direction of the personal resources. Therefore, to guarantee that this mission is realized, the company should ship on publicity of diverse civilizations.MentionsCox, T. ( 1991 ) . The Multicultural Organization Academy of forethought Executive, vol.5, no.2, pp.34-47.Helen, S. ( 1995 ) . Challenging Students to React to Multicultural Issues Journal article by Janice Tovey, vol.60, pp.10-11.Hellriegel, D. & A Slocum, J.W. ( 2009 ) . Organizational Behavior. Mason, Ohio South-Western.Nestor, L.G. ( 1991 ) . Pull offing Cultural Diversity in Volunteer Organizations volunteer(prenominal) Action Leadership. New York Springer.Keyton, J. ( 2005 ) . Communication and Organizational Culture A Key to Understanding Work Experiences. Thousand Oaks, California Sage Publications.

Revolutionizing Elearning As Young Students Collaboratively Study Education Essay

With the altering life style in the society, how students live extraneous inculcate becomes a ch anyenge in bettering the educational system a process that has continuously evolved a coarse with the promotion of scientific discipline and technology science. G unrivalled were the yearss where trail was thought to be a mere classroom and a instructor to educate immature heads, instead it besides includes modern inst every last(predicate)ations, engineering, course of study and advanced instruction methods. Parents have now more options in taking the sort of instruction to give to their kids. But instruction per Se is besides sometimes defined depending on parents ability to pay, life style and change surface work agenda.This explore aims to integrate the three factors that affect larning in the kingdom of modern society the course of study, the method and the electronic platform. While larning system has always been altering, the demand to supply more antiphonal and suiting learning bundle to immature scholars still exists. But are younger coevalss ready to travel for a beneficial-online attainment? Can you conceive of few obsolete ages from now, school go forth no longer be schoolrooms but right at our ain belongings and the apply-to be school edifice will be used to ease the face to confront socialisation of the immature scholars? Children will travel to school to forge with former(a) childs and travel place to continue larning though the aid of larning facilitators who could be parents, professional instructors or coachs and the work of electronic platforms alike computing simple machine, cyberspace and other engineerings. instruction at place is non a bran-new manner of larning but it began since Renaissance epoch and modern instruction has acknowledged this as an option. One of the options offered by most private establishments is called homeschooling, a authoritative manner of larning but redefined with modified course of study, fa ll upon and oftentimes with the integrating of engineering. It is a untraditional manner of larning compared with plebeian schoolroom acquisition, where a parent or coach or professional instructor act as a facilitator-consultant and a scholar stay at place to analyze. This construct was revived in the United States by John Holt ( 1964 ) who felt unhappy with the public school system and subsequently followed by Raymond Moore, a devout Christian and ex-missionary. For most developed states like the United States of America and the United Kingdom, homeschooling is patronized by parents for different grounds. Even for households who migrate abroad prove to happen the best place school for their kids as they still try to settle down or suit in with their working agenda and in the community.Homeschooling, an AlternateThere were search surveies on the advantages and disadvantages of homeschooling to good turn phase of kids and the socialisation facet is seen to be a common argumenta tion. This may non be true to all particularly for parents who involve their kids with community activities and other particular involvement categories such as dance category, music, athleticss and others but these would be excess cost.How do most homeschooling discipline school-age childs at place? There are two types of homeschooling, foremost, parents buy faculties and stuffs and they themselves teach their kids or engage a coach to make it on their behalf and second, parents enroll their kids to outgo learning plans. Accredited homeschooling establishments have set their criterions to run into their state s regulated course of study instruction as benchmark. Normally, the scholar or pupil takes standardized tests to be measured for an upgrade and/or earn his/her sheepskin. The distant acquisition could take to developing societal accomplishments of scholars. affableization accomplishments maneuver a definitive function in the society and if this facet is seen as one of th e disadvantages of homeschooling, so possibly, it is non the homeschooling construct that affects the holistic development of kids but the learning procedure and attack.Revolutionizing How Children LearnThis investigate survey focuses on place schooling teaching method in telecollaborative attack utilizing face as medium of direction and e-learning tools in instruction and acquisition. It aims to poke into the effects of the give tongue to attack in replying the common diagnosed job in homeschooling which is the developing societal larning accomplishments of scholars due to remote or isolated and independent attack in larning. It besides aims to measure whether immature scholars are prepared to full-online larning utilizing engineering as tool while developing their cognitive, socio-affective and psychomotor spheres.Homeschooling in Asiatic States wherefore English words?Although the survey focuses on the telecollaborative attack in homeschooling utilizing engineering as tools, English as the map lingual communion is considered alpha in developing societal accomplishments as scholars are exposed to planetary practical community. The intense demand brought by the promotion of engineering and globalisation, reenforcing the usage of this lingual communion has become one of the pushs of the Ministry of Education in many Asiatic states to get by with the altering gait of planetary economic system and learning.A But how long does it take for not inseparable talkers attain English lingual communication proficiency in academic context? In East Asia, kids learn their native linguistic communication non merely at place but even in schools since virtually all topics is taught in their native linguistic communication unless for English lesson. English is the most studied foreign linguistic communication in the People s Republic of mainland China, Japan, South Korea and chinaware ( Republic of China ) . In PR China, English is a needed linguistic communicati on get downing with the 3rd class, although the quality of direction varies greatly and most Chinese citizens do non talk it good. The survey of English is besides required in India, where it is used for official communicating. In Nepal, about all topics are taught in English, overlook for Nepali literature ( Modern Language, Wikipedia 2007 ) . In the Philippines, English linguistic communication has become the primary medium of direction and required to utilize to non less than 70 % of the clip allocation for all larning countries in all twelvemonth degrees ( Department of Education Order no. 36, Series 2006 ) .Based on the survey in the most successful school learning English as 2nd linguistic communication to pupils in California, the unwritten proficiency takes 3 to 5 old ages to develop, and academic English proficiency advise take 4 to 7 old ages ( Hakuta, et.al 2000 ) . An premise was besides made by Epstein ( 1977 ) of Washington Post that linguistic communication acquisit ion depends on the gait on how English is introduced to a pupil to a lower place a bilingual plan. Another in deepness survey of 2nd linguistic communication acquisition was made by Van Lier ( 1998 ) where in his observation he wroteMany of the early instance surveies of immature kids punctuate the successes of the 2nd linguistic communication acquisition procedure. The research actors frequently marveled at the celerity with which these immature kids learned to discourse in the 2nd linguistic communication, sometimes in a affair of months. These findings concur with the sentiments of the general population that larning linguistic communications is an easy and natural undertaking for immature kids. They merely pick them up, as it were. However, when we look a little more closely at the inside in governances of linguistic communication usage as describe in these instance surveies, we can see a few general forms emerge. In none of the instance surveies, whether of immature kids, s triplings or grownups, are any important developments of complex grammar reported deep down the first twelvemonth, or even in the 2nd twelvemonth. Rather, all surveies speak of formulaic vocalizations, colloquial schemes, and a extremely simple codification. This simple codification is commensurate for mundane societal contact, and frequently gives the feeling of astonishing colloquial eloquence in these contexts, but it is non the elaborate, syntactically and lexically complex codification of the adept linguistic communication user.A A A A A A This gives us an feeling that colloquial proficiency in geting English as 2nd linguistic communication may non compare academic proficiency of the linguistic communication which is the staple fibre kernel for success in formal establishments ( schools ) .A Immersion has been used as scheme in most Asiatic states like China, Korea, Japan, Malaysia Thailand and few selected metropoliss in the Philippines. However, the fact that one develops colloquial linguistic communication accomplishments, it still helps in set uping resonance as one builds societal web.Theoretical BackgroundTelecollaborative Approach refers to the method applied in the instructional role that involves scholars working with their equals in the schoolroom and with equals at a distance through on line or practical coaction. Telecollaborative came from two blended words Tele means at a distance and get together means persona the labours ( literally, co-labor ) tele-collaborative is a larning undertaking in which the participants portion the labours of larning at a distance through the assistance of information and communicating technology.A They may portion those labours through electronic mail, newsgroups, treatment forums or a figure of other online tools and larning environments.A A A A A A This instructional design is anchored on different larning theories, rules and surveies.A A A A A A Constructive Pedagogy is an attack based on p remise that cognizance is developed ( constructed ) by the person through actively take parting in the cognitive procedure, societal procedure and rational procedure. It, promotes a more open-ended acquisition experience where the methods and consequences of larning are non easy measured and may non be the same for each scholar ( Mergel, 1998 ) . Harmonizing to Smorgansboard ( 1997 ) , as influenced by other theoreticians like Bruner, Ulrick, Neiser, Goodman, Kant, Kuhn, Dewey, Habermas, and jean Piaget, Constructivism creates real-world environment that employ the context in which acquisition is relevant focal headlands on realistic attacks to work outing real-world jobs provides tools and environments that help scholars construe the multiple positions of the humans displacements paradigm of the teacher to a manager and analyser of the schemes used to work out jobs stresses conceptual interrelation by supplying multiple representations or positions on the content negotiate s and non imposes instructional ends and aims utilizes rating as a self-analysis tool and makes larning internally controlled and meditated by the learner.AA A A A A A Another larning theory aligned to constructivism is David Kolb s theory known as Experiential Learning, foremost published in 1984 when his thoughts have had a dramatic equal on the design and development of womb-to-tomb larning flummoxs.A Harmonizing to his theory, experience is the beginning of larning. Kolb and Fry ( 1983 ) created celebrated theoretical account out of four elements a. ) concrete experience, B. ) observation c. ) contemplation, and d. ) program, the formation of abstract constructs and proving in new state of affairss. The celebrated experiential larning circle var.ed after Kurt Lewin s, explores the cyclical form of all larning from Experience through expression and Conceptualizing to Action and on to AA farther Experience.AA A A A A A The 3rd theory considered by the research worker is Judi th Harris Learning Framework. Harris ( 1998 ) is noted for her seminal activities in telecomputing where schoolrooms are connected worldwide through the assistance of internet entree. The activity constructions are interpersonal exchanges, information aggregation and job resolution. The research worker adopted the learning model of Judi Harris to enable scholars to associate with state of affairss at bottom and outside their ain context, to pass on and to associate outside the schoolroom through the assistance of information and communicating engineering.A A A A Two surveies conducted were found to hold used one or two of the mentioned theories such as constructivism, experiential theories and telecomputing framework.A These involved different schemes in learning linguistic communication both in primary and in subsidiary schools.A Most of these schemes used engineering in learning particularly in developed states like United States of America and Europe.A A A orchard apple tree C lassroom of Tomorrow ( ACOT ) of United States of America and Project Method in School Projects through E-Learning ( PROMISE ) of Europe conducted a separate survey about effectual schemes in learning English linguistic communication.A A A Harmonizing to the research conducted by Apple Classroom of Tomorrow ( ACOT, 1998 ) , the cardinal accomplishments of reading, authorship, and arithmetical remain the basiss of schooling and pupil acquisition. Surveies have shown that pupils with everyday entree to engineering larn these basic accomplishments faster and better when they have a opportunity to pattern them utilizing engineering and are more motivated to larn when engineering is portion of their day-to-day school experience. Surveies show that one time pupils become familiar with engineering, they speedily develop proficiency in its usage. This opens up an exciting new universe of larning possibilities for them, and their possible for achievement skyrockets. Students gain new accomp lishments and go familiar with new engineerings that will assist fix them for future success in an progressively technological universe. Even the most basic tools can assist immature scholars become more productive.A A A Researchers involved in the Apple Classrooms of Tomorrow undertaking revealed that third-grade pupils found it easier to compose with a keyboard than with a pencil or a pen. Because authorship was easier, they wrote more. By composing more, they learned to compose better. Their battle to larning undertakings with engineering led them to this betterment. As a consequence, they spend more clip acquisition and practising the basic undertakings than pupils who approach the same undertakings in a traditional paper-and-pencil mode.A A A A A A In Europe, K. Antilla, M.A Erickson and S. Holme-Larsen conducted Project Method in School Projects through E-Learning ( PROMISE, 2005 ) .A They found out that many of the participants of the computing machine supported job based acq uisition were positive about the technological attack. They verbalize that the pupils love to make computing machine supported collaborative undertaking work because it was different from how they usually work.A The merchandise orientation was non what attracted the kids, but the procedure of larning on how to happen information and how to make the research.A However, the troubles on the lingual and cultural facets of communicating with aliens were the important barriers on this project.A Many respondents found that the deficiency of personal lingual efficiency was a heavy barrier, whereas professional educational facets such as instruction, acquisition, pupils function in the schoolroom pattern less of import. Several participants declare that their over all feeling was that their pupils were happy to take part in multinational computing machine supported collaborative acquisition ( CSCL ) undertakings. They considered it as a benefit and gave new inspiration to instructors and pupils who were involved in such undertakings.A A A A A A Both ACOT and PROMISE stated that engineering vie as an of import subscriber in learning scholars to compose, read and even work with equals. However, what were emphasized were non the technological facets entirely but the procedure involved utilizing engineering as tools in learning pupils made them execute better.A Although diverseness in linguistic communication, civilization, and deficiency of engineering tools in some countries became barriers in Europe, still the acquisition undertakings were found to be good.A A A A A A The 4th theory considered for this survey was Mc Grath s Mentoring Framework, a model that directs wise man or the instructor to take the propositional cognition of the mentees or the pupils to procedural cognition through providing, taking or demoing. It process scholars to go brooding practicians of cognition. The terminal end of this model is to do scholars skilled in using their acquisition at the terminal of the procedure. This model was adopted in the National English Proficiency Program of Department of Education in 2003. It was a mentoring plan designed for instructors to better their presentation and treatment accomplishments, art of oppugning and giving of undertaking instruction manual accomplishments.A A A A A A The last theory considered and found to be the baseline of the theoretical model is the Social communicate Theory where a map of all of the relevant ties betwixt the nodes is being studied ( Barnes, 1954 ) .A This theory refuted the traditional sociological surveies where single attributes matter more than the relationship. rather it was the antonym, where relationship ties matter most and where single attributes affair less ( Burkhardt, 1994 ) .AA A A A A A With the promotion of engineering, societal networking engineerings play an of import portion in pupil motive, keeping and learning-especially in distributed acquisition environments. Social networkin g engineerings and media are of import tools because of their ability to further interaction and communicating between pupils. This is particularly of import in on-line acquisition communities, where pupils may hold limited face-to-face clip to construct a support web with their equals ( Baird, 2005 ) and homeschooling is one of the authoritative illustrations.A A A A A A Derek Baird wrote that a cardinal component of a societal web engineering like Flickr was its uniqueness on its platform design.A Online coaction and community are interwoven as chief constituents. Though it was non originally designed for instruction, it was found to be utile. Baird said that one of the chief booby traps of presenting new engineering into the schoolroom ( on-line or otherwise ) is the hazard of holding the engineering frustrate the user to the point that it distracts them from their original acquisition end. Apec Cyber Academy Program, Taking IT Global, ejournals and other educational online site are some illustration of societal web tools that areA of import because their ease-of-use allows the pupil to maintain his/her focal point on geting new accomplishments, constructing on bing cognition while at the same clip developing authorship, package, and beef uping societal ties within their learning circle.A A A A A A An application of societal web theory was studied by Kern, R. and Warschauer, M. ( 2000 ) where they presented the development of linguistic communication learning utilizing computing machine. In their paper, they presented the theories behind the computing machine assisted linguistic communication acquisition ( CALL ) and the development of network-based linguistic communication instruction ( NBLT ) as one signifier of CALL.A Harmonizing to the writers, NBLT is linguistic communication learning that involves the usage of computing machines connected to one another in either topical anesthetic or planetary webs. Whereas CALL has traditionally been associated wit h self-contained, programmed applications such as tutorials, drills, simulations, instructional games, trials, and so on. It represents a new and different side of CALL, where human-to-human communicating is the focal point. Language scholars with entree to the Internet, for illustration, can now potentially communicate with native talkers ( or other linguistic communication scholars ) all over the universe 24 hours a twenty-four hours, seven yearss a hebdomad, from school, place, or work. Learners can pass on either on a one-to-one or a many-to-many footing in local-area web conferences and farther multiplies their chances for communicative pattern. Finally, the fact that computer-mediated communicating occurs in a written, electronically-archived signifier gives pupils extra chances to be after their discourse and to detect and reflect on linguistic communication usage in the messages they compose and read.A A A A A A However, still instructors remained disbelieving in the usage o f this scheme ( Cotton, 1995 ) . As footing, few research surveies have been conducted as to computing machine and linguistic communication acquisition. Some illustration of this was the academic study of instructional usage of engineering in 1995. It showed that 59 % of foreign linguistic communication plans and 65 % of ESL plans used no signifier of computing machine engineering in their classs and puting linguistic communication instruction at the underside of the list of academic countries surveyed.A A A A A A In this survey, the follow-up of NBLT of Carla Meskill s and Krassimira Ranglova s research ( 2000 ) on the execution of new technology-enhanced English as Foreign Language ( EFL ) instruction in Bulgaria was cited. Meskill and Ranglova showed that the usage of computing machine webs was portion of a broader conceptualisation of the linguistic communication plan that resulted in a more socio-collaborative attack to acquisition, a greatest illustration of the fact that e ngineering is non merely a machine, or even merely the usage of a machine, but instead a wide signifier of societal organisation. Part of the critique is the sum-up of findings on how engineering, content affair, and activities were integrated in the literature-based course of study through the usage of audio tape, harmony plans and manner draughtss, word processing, and email coactions. In their findings, pupils under NBLT significantly gained higher in reading, vocabulary, grammar and authorship.A A A A A A Teachers reported that the new course of study required pupils and instructors overly to radically change their apprehension of what it is to larn a linguistic communication. Because of the cardinal displacement in position required by the new course of study, teachers reported an initial daze followed by gradual and favourable accommodation to this new independent and participatory manner of larning. Likewise, instructors felt their ain accommodation experience, though ab in itio rather hard, eased by the instantly discernable benefits reaped by their pupils.A A A A A A Students reported a really enthusiastic response to the new course of study. They reported this response-based attack to literature affecting email exchanges with American university pupils to be highly helpful in footings of motive, assurance, and overall English linguistic communication development. Interestingly, though non alone in the literature, merely half of the pupils found the equal redacting component of the course of study helpful.A A A A A A Cited surveies provided grounds for the viability of computing machine engineerings as tools to back up linguistic communication larning ends and the socio-collaborative procedure. It is believed that through these theories, Constructivism, Experiential Learning, Telecomputing, Mentoring Frameworks and Social Network Theory, scholars in Asia under homeschooling plan would go socially adjusted and academically developed as other pupils in a regular school plans.Research AimsThis research aims to examine the followersReadiness of immature scholars for full-on-line acquisitionEffectiveness of telecollaborative attack in advancing critical, brooding and societal accomplishmentsEffectiveness and functionality of the e-platformsSignificance of the StudyTechnology has been portion of our turning modern society. Using it to the full benefits of every citizen begins with the right instruction that we provide to our younger coevals. How we gear them to take our future civilisation is every bit important as gestating the appropriate acquisition teaching method and tools that pedagogues use before really implementing it in the acquisition procedure. Hence, this survey considers the possible important effects of full online larning through homeschooling plans and prepares responsible stakeholders for its possible effects to avoid any inauspicious possibilities from repeating in the hereafter.Research MethodologyA A A A A A T he research worker will utilize Experimental and Qualitative Research as methods. A qualitative research is a method in which the research worker attempts to analyze of course happening phenomena in all their complexness ( Fraenkel and Wallen, 1998 ) .ProceduresA A A A A A The respondents are selected in-between school pupils ages 10-12 from Taiwan and the Philippines. The survey period is divided into three major phases Preparation of course of study and rating tools, e-platform and schemes Actual experiment phase and Evaluation and Analysis. Below is the research undertaking s mileposts and mark period.Research Target Milestone and Time Frame 2 Old agesPhaseTIME FRAMEMilestone1st2 monthsDatas GatheringHomeschooling in Taiwan and in the Philippines example Curriculum and AssessmentMinistry of Education s School PoliciesRespondents2 monthsCurriculum determination and Assessment Tools Preparation ( placing specific larning aims and topics to be used )6 monthsE-Platform Design and other Technology Tools Preparation1 monthRandom Sampling and Test of E-tools2 hebdomadsConcluding Choice of Respondents2nd8 months ( within the school twelvemonth of the respondents states )Experiment Phase8 monthsDatas Gathering3rdThese phases are inclusive of the experiment period where there will be an on-going analysis until it reached the conclude decision and presentation.Datas AnalysisEvaluationConsultationPulling of ConclusionResearch Final Presentation

Conflict and Functionalist Theory Differences Essay

IntroductionThe conflict theory originated from Karl max, the famous sociologist, during his original development of the theory and his fine-tuning work, he included the qualifications of other sociologists like Georg Samuel and max Weber which he considered were necessary (Cliffs 1971 12-16). According to the theory, positivism does not necessarily answer everything contrary to considers of running(a)ists.In world(a), the conflict theory states that everything happens for reasons other than a general believe that it was just supposed to happen in that location are causes and influences which cause such things to happen and the responsibility lies solely on the people and there primary(prenominal) purpose is not to gain knowledge only as a functionalist but the transformation of the gained knowledge into action (Durkheim 1915 23-27). According to the theory even scientists should be activist with regard to their theories, not only explain why such things happen, instead, they ar e supposed to instigate the necessary changes in their theories in order to wait on resolve these issues (Cliffs 1971 17-20).Read more Functionalist and Conflict PerspectivesThe theory differencesThe believers of conflict theory and functionalist theory collapse clear differences in their beliefs, because when functionalist say that they do everything they do because we hit the sack to do it, the conflict theory belief that our societies are not guided necessarily by stability or anything of the sort, but it is possible to transformed the building block society into something totally new (John & Simpson 1951 16-20).Karlmax, Simmed and Weber, and the believers of conflict theory belief that anything that can cause a difference has the capacity to cause a conflict also, be either in areas of competition, opinions, interests and even power, but to a functionalist these issues do not have any serious problems even though conflict theorists do believe that they exhibit other unseen r easons other than the issue of just because we like it (Merton 1968 10-15).The way functionalists see the worldAll functionalists believers emphasize on the importance of harbor consensus in society and they do not expect any conflict to occur and if it occurs it is seen as being temporal which will be simply counteracted as the society continues to become better and their of import concern of these conflicts is to accept them as small issues when compared to the need for consensus and stability in the society (Cliffs 1971 20-26).An example of a functional analysis Shils and Young notes how ceremonies and rituals are meant to serve the purpose of promoting social integration in their society the rituals concerning monarchy, church, government leaders, are mainly involved in overt promise while the family is seen as the role it plays for members of society, like personal stability and socialization (Parsons 1951 19-23).Comparing it with conflict theory by MarxAccording to Marxists and his believers of the conflict theory, there exists a fundamental conflict among different groups in our society, because, the conflict continues to increase and persist and wherefore it is not temporal as functionalists clam it to be For example, according to Marx analyzing the conflict theory, all societies are constructed in order to survive, and we enter into affinitys with the sole purpose of ware (Parsons 1951 21-25).Therefore the combined forces of ware and social relationship form basis for economic or infrastructure of any society, while other aspects, like superstructures are shaped by infrastructure, for instance education scheme is shaped by economic factors and therefore any changes in infrastructure will lead to eventual changes in the superstructure (Simpson 1964 21-23).The Marxist theory states that all societies have contradictions this means there is exploitation by one social group, which leads to the creation of conflict of interests because of the main reason that this one social group owns all the factors of production which only benefits them at the expense of others who are mainly the workers (Parsons 1951 25-28). They therefore, propose that this trend should be stopped. For example the society is comprised of classes, and in its simplest form, there are two main classes of classification.The main determination of an individual to these classes is their relationship to the means of production, which are land, labor and factories (Merton 1968 16-18). This means that this class that owns the factors of production and therefore, the most powerful. The least powerful class is therefore the one which sells its labors in order to make a living out of it.To be more specific, let us consider wages versus profit achieved by the Bourgeoisie according to the theory, all societies operate through class of conflict as mentioned and in a capitalist society there are oppositions between bourgeoisie and the proletariat. The real wealth is on ly created by the labor power of workers, but low wages are paid to the workers below the profits make the owners and this creates the major contradiction (Durkheim 1915 29-31).ConclusionIn the recent past, workers have become more differentiated and this has eliminated homogeneity in terms of class-consciousness and thus they have increase their awareness of differences between themselves and this has made the above class groups to be split and not united (John & Simpson 1951 21-23). It is not important therefore for the society to be characterized by the competing interest groups who are in conflict therefore we should have ties of the following economic power and social and secondly political ties to the ownership of means of production (Simpson 1964 24).Work citedCliffs, E. (1971). The System of Modern Societies. NJ Prentice-Hall pp12-26Durkheim, E. (1915). The Elementary Forms of the Religious Life A Study in Religious Sociology. Translated by Joseph Ward Swain. New York Macmil lan sign pp.23-31John, A. S. and Tr. Simpson, G. (1951). Suicide A Study in Sociology New York IL Free compact pp.16-23Merton, R. K. (1968). Social Theory and Social Structure New York Free Press pp.10-18Parsons, T (1951). The Social System Glencoe, IL Free Press pp.21-28Simpson, G. (1964). The Division of Labor in Society New York Free Press pp.21-24

How have the values of the boys changed by Chapter 10? Essay

In chapter 10 there is a shift of determine form a democracy to a dictatorship. Following old salts rebellion most of the boys have left camp and joined forces with Jack, now known as The Chief, at palace Rock. Since they first landed on the island as innocent school children a lot has changed, as many of the values which they once held are disregarded on account of them being stranded on the island.When Jack first arrived on the island he was the eldest and naturally assumed that it was his destiny to be in charge. As head choir boy, Jack has been set aside from the rest, golden cap badge and it is obvious that back home he was very important and was disposed(p) the authority in terms of the choir. Due to the control he exerts we can understand that prior to landing on the island, Jack was a leader who rule by fear.When they first meet the rest of the boys it give births the combined efforts of begging But, Merridew. Please, Merridew cant we? and a boy fainting for him to con sider the two groups merging. Here we can invite Jacks instant aversion to situations where he is not fully in charge. This means that often times he would prefer separatism, as we hang when he distinguishes the Hunters, to co-habitation where making compromises and accept other peoples points of view. We know that Jack doesnt like this because before he goes to form his own race he says Its time some people knew theyve got to keep quiet and leave deciding things to the rest of us.Jack was at first in apprehension with the request for democracy but this was only because he was convinced that he would win the vote. When he realises that he has in f playact lost out to Ralph he blushes with mortification. He is not sure whether to stay or go when he is offered charge of the Hunters. By taking over the hunters Jack tries to gain choose with the boys because he thinks that the boys will become dependent on him.However the longing for rescue and the fact that the tool for rescue is Ralphs brainchild means that Ralph act to have the upper hand on Jack. Despite this Jack serene tries his best to prove himself to the boys. For example, at first like many of the boys on the island Jack is unable to kill however now, behind the mask, he kills to show his power and control over the lives of others. However William Golding makes the death of Simon strange, in that Jack does not take responsibility and is almost afraid of what he has become.Roger gathered a handful of stones and began to throw them. Yet there was a space round Henry, perhaps sixer yards in diameter, into which he dare not throw. Here, invisible yet strong, was the taboo of the old life. Round the squatting child was the protection of parents and school and policemen and the law. Roger is portrayed to be a very cruel character and this quotation shows the beginning if the boys falls into uncivilisation however at this early stage the boys still act in a civilised nature. However like many of the ol der boys Roger chooses to test the water and soon enough the urge to destroy overcomes him. Despite this Roger still feels restricted by parents and school and policemen and the law-the adults who make the rules and make sure they are followed. However before long, Roger and most of the other boys lose their respect for values and morals, and violence, torture, and murder break out as the savagery becomes the distinctive sway in the groupAt first Ralph is esteemed and supports all the boys on the island payable to the way that he has kept a level head despite being on tropical island. His strong-willed nature means that when others break dispirited he is still solid. However with talks of beasts and mutiny Ralph becomes disgruntled and begins to think of home a lot. Towards the end of the book despite having the symbol of democracy, the conch he feels that that this is shadowy against Jacks oppressive regime.

Barney and Sustained Competitive Advantage.

When we left off in the last seminar, we were just jump to talk about quick specific advantages. According to Barney and his article Firm Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage, a few things are needed to gain a firm specific advantage. But in addition, he argues that a firm sight gain a Sustained Competitive Advantage. SLIDE According to Barney, a firm has a sustained competitive advantage when it is implementing a value creating strategy not simultaneously being implemented by any current or potential competitors AND when these other firms are unable to dublicate the benefits of this strategy.But what does a company need to gain such an advantage? First of all, it needs certain imaginations, which basin intromit assets, capabilities, products, information, knowledge etc. SLIDE But these resources must have four attributes 1. they must be valuable in the sense that they exploit opportunities or antagonize threats in a firms environment. This goes without saying. 2. The y must be rare among a firms current and potential competition. This simply means that this resource or strategy cannot be implemented by other firms at the same time. They must be imperfectly imitable (hard to copy for other firms) and 4. There cannot be strategically equivalent substitutes for this resource that are valuable, but neither rare or imperfectly imitable. Can anyone think of a specific firm, or a type of business or industry, which has a clear example of sustained competitive advantage? Short discussion. SLIDE We thought about what kind of a firm could gain a sustained competitive advantage, and came to the conclusion that certain pharmaceutical companies are able to gain perfect sustained competitive advantage.To inform why, we need to have a look at the pharmaceutical market. To make things a bit simple, we can divide the industry into two different categories Companies which civilise raw kinds of medicine, and others which copy the original medicine, and produce what is called generic drugs. Some companies actully do both. SLIDE Companies which develop new medicine spend huge amount of specie on research and development when making a new drug. They get the best scientists from all over the world, gather huge amounts of medical information, test the drugs etc.They also need to prove the safety of a new drug, and demonstrate its effect, in special clinical trials. And of course, they need to market the new drug. This process can cost huge amounts of money. Lets say a company spends millions of dollars and ten years on developing a new drug that cures all kinds of cancer. It would be alternatively disappointing for that company if generic drug companies were able to copy the drug the moment it hits the market, only spending money on manufacturing the drug, but not on development and testing.The maker of the original drug would probably soon run out of business. SLIDE So, to protect the original drug, the company can get a evident for the ne w drug. For how long is different between countries, but for example in the US, patents give 20 years of protection. But for as long as a drug patent lasts, the firm enjoys a period of market exclusivity, or monopoly if you like. Under those circumstances, the company is able to set the price of the drug at a level which maximizes profitability. The profit can greatly exceed development and production costs of the drug.Often, when the patent runs out and many other companies start making generic drugs, the prices fall dramatically and real competition starts. But to sum things upp, new developed medicine can fit Barneys theory They can be valuable, rare and not only hard to copy, but simply impossible. SLIDE The point is if a firm can develop a new important type of medicine, and get a patent so it wont be copied, it has a perfect sustained competitive advantage while the patent is still valid, and therefore, fits well into Barneys theory.

Ethical Consumption of Cell Phones Essay

1. INTRODUCTION In just 30 years, nomadic telephony has grown into a major spheric industry, with an estimated 5 billion use uprs around the world, comp ard with a total world population of around 7 billion people. While new subscriber growth has slowed fair in recent years, crossroad turnover remains high, with over 1 billion new mobile squ in alls shipped in 2009 alone. This paper firstly examines the life motorcycle of a jail jail carrellular telephone phone, describing its stages from the extraction of the satisfyings to its disposal or re-usage possibilities. It also discussed the ethical issues that impact the environwork forcet and society. Lastly, two cell phone manufactures (Apple and Nokia) atomic number 18 being comp argond in terms of how they deal with environmental impacts.2. LIFE CYCLE OF A CELL PHONEStage One Extraction of Materials Mobile phones mostly comprise some 40% metals and 40% plastics, with the remainder made up of glass, ceramic and other m iscellaneous materials. The parts of a cell phone admit the circuit board, the liquified crystal display (LCD) and the rechargeable battery. The circuit board, which controls all of the phones functions, consists of copper, princely, silver, lead, nickel, tin, coltan, and zinc. The LCD, which is a flat-panel display where all the information and images appear, is made of glass or plastic. Batteries cause the cell phone and, depending on the type of battery, may contain nickel, cobalt, zinc, cadmium and copper. Many of these materials argon so called persistent toxins that remain in the environment for a long period of time, even after disposal. Furthermore, an important life cycle consideration is the nothing required to extract metals from their respective ores. From an energy perspective, precious metals gold and silver and exceed the impact of copper. In addition, the energy content of glass also has a signifi asst energy footprint, delinquent to the high melt temperatures that are required during manufacturing.Stage Two Materials Processing Raw materials that go into making cell phones must first be processed before manufacturers can use them. For example, to make the plastic casing, crude oil needs to be combined with natural gas and chemicals. The copper utilise to make the circuit board and batteries has to be mined from the ground, heated and treated with chemicals and electricity before it can be formed into wires and sheets. Stage Three ManufacturingThe individual parts of a cell phone each go through a manufacturing process. The circuit board is shaped using plastics and fibreglass and then coated with gold plating. The circuits and wires of the circuit board are soldered, glued and coated. The LCD is made with liquid crystals layered surrounded by glass or plastic. These layers include two polarized panels, with a liquid crystal solution between them. Light is projected through the layer of liquid crystals and is colorized, which produces t he visible image. Batteries have two electrodes ( some(prenominal) made from a different metal) and each electrode is touched by a liquid material called electrolytes. When an outlet or another outside electrical source is applied, a chemical reaction between the electrodes and the electrolytes causes an electric current to ply and powers the battery. Stage Four Packaging and TransportationThe transportation process and packaging of cell phones is seen as harmful to the environment. Transporting cell phones for distribution requires the use of fossil fuels for energy, which can contribute to global climate change. While packaging protects products from damage, identifies contents, and provides information, excessive or decorative packaging contributes to the waste that we produce. Packaging consumes valuable natural resources, such as paper (from trees), plastic (from crude oil in the earth), aluminium (from ore), or other materials, all of which use energy to produce and can resul t in waste. Some packaging, however, can be made from reused materials. Stage Five Useful LifeYou can extend the use of your cell phone by fetching good care of it as in protecting it from damage by storing it in a case, avoiding dropping it, and keeping it out of extreme heat and glacial and away from water and other liquids. However, the materials that are used to make cell phones can potentially damage the environment and harm people. Therefore, it is important to reuse, recycle or properly dispose cell phones.Reuse Many organizations, including recyclers, charities, and electronics manufacturers, accept persisting cell phones and offer them to schools, community organizations, and individuals in need. Reuse gives people, who could not otherwise collapse them, free or reduced cost access to new phones and this also extends the useful lifetime of a phone.Recycle Nowadays, many stores, manufacturers, and recycling centres accept cell phones for recycling. Some cell phones can b e fixed and sold as refurbished phones, or parts can be used to fix phones. Some rechargeable batteries can also be recycled, as this way the recovered materials can be used to make new batteries and stainless steel products.Disposal However, closely 40% of cell phones cant be sold as refurbished cell phones. These cell phones are shredded as well as smelted at a copper refiner. Many metals actually go back to their natural state. This process helps replenish some natural resources and it is called above ground mining. Still, many cell phones are simply thrown in the trash and end up in landfills (buried in the ground) or incinerators (burned). Because cell phones contain metals, plastics, chemicals, and other potentially dangerous substances, they should always be recycled or properly disposed. Phones that are thrown away waste energy and result in the loss of valuable resources.This figure shows the cell phone recycling rate from 2007 to 2010 in the United Stated. Even though sa les were the highest in 2010, the recycling rate did not correspond to the sales.3. ETHICAL ISSUES 1. might Conservation The quantity of mobile phone usage increases any environmental impact of this product. Life-cycle analysis conducted by the European Commission shows that energy consumption is the slap-up impact, both during manufacture of components and during their usage. Nokia estimated that if 10% of worldwide subscribers would unplug their chargers once their phone is fully charged, the energy saved could to supply 60,000 European homes for one year. Issues like wastage of energy due to overcharging and or mobiles left unplugged even after being fully charged needs to be addressed more. 2. Exploitation & Illegal TradingThe material used in the manufacturing of the mobile phones is coltan, a heat liberal material found in the Republic of Congo. In the coltan, mines there are children that have to work instead of going to school and many reputable companies buy this minera l. Companies have to resort to material provided by controversial circumstances. What is Coltan?Coltan, short for columbite-tantalite is a metallic ore comprising niobium and tantalum. The niobium-dominant mineral in coltan is columbite, and the tantalum-dominant mineral is tantalite. Niobium, whose leading producer in Brazil, is mostly found in the mineral pyrochlore whereas tantalum is extracted from the ore, tantalite and is created by smelting and tin mining in some places. Tantalum mineral is mainly mined in Australia, Brazil, Canada, Democratic Republic of Congo, China, Ethiopia, Mozambique and other central African countries. Coltan is important for manufacturing cell phones because it is in the capacitors that control current flow in the cell phones circuit board. When refined, coltan becomes a heat resistant powder, metallic tantalum which has unique properties for storing electrical charge. Mining ColtanIn the Coltan is mined by hand in the Congo by groups of men digging b asins in streams by scrapping off the surface mud. They then slosh the water around the crater, which causes the Coltan ore to settle at the bottom of the crater where it is retrieved by the miners. A team can mine one kilo of Coltan per day. Most of these miners are children which are subjected to extreme conditions. Therefore, awareness has to be brought to these terrible works conditions by which these child workers are affected.Coltan financing war A recent report by the UN has claimed that all the parties involved in the local gracious war have been involved in the mining and sale of Coltan. One report suggested that the neighbouring Rwandan army made US$250 million from selling Coltan in less than 18 months, despite there being no Coltan in Rwanda to mine. The military forces of Uganda and Burundi are also implicated in smuggle Coltan out of Congo for resale in Belgium. A report to the United Nations Security Council has called for a moratorium on purchase and import of resou rces from the Democratic Republic of Congo, due to the ongoing civil war that has dragged in the surrounding countries. 3. Toxics Waste disposal & Environmental ImpactPersistent Bio accumulative toxins Persistent Bio accumulative toxins (PBTs) PBTs are peculiarly dangerous because they do not degrade over long periods of time, and can easily spread and move between air, water, and soil, resulting in the accumulation of toxins far from the received point source of pollution. Because PBTs accumulate in fatty issue of humans and animals, the toxins are gradually concentrated and are of great risk. Cell phone batteries reversible batteries are speedyly changing as technological advances improve new power sources. Already 60% of rechargeable Batteries sold worldwide are used in cell phones. However, rechargeable currently have toxic constituents such as cadmium, as well as brominated flame-retardants. The total environmental impact from cell phone batteries depends on a batteries mater ial composition as well as on the time cell phones are used before they are discarded. Therefore, many cell phone users replace their batteries at least once before retiring their phones LeadLead is a highly poisonous metal affecting almost every organ and system in the body. It has been widely used in electronics as the primary method of attaching components to the printed wiring boards. Lead is a toxin to both humans and the environment. It is a common contaminant and can impact entire ecosystems. In humans, it affects the central nervous system, immune and vascular systems, kidneys, and the endocrine system, with skilful personal effects on the development of childrens brains. Lead is also a possible carcinogen. It accumulates in the environment and has very high chronic and acute effects on microorganisms, plants, and animals. 4. SocietyIn past few years, the boom in the usage of mobile phones has tremendously increased, a large percentage of which are children. With the incre ase of technology with faster data rate and streaming videos, the youth has been given unlimited access to any contents on web. Restrictions should be established to obliterate children from accessing adult content. Also, mobile phones have been restricted to be used during driving as it has been one of the factors of road accidents.4. COMPANY COMPARISON APLLE vs. NOKIAHow do these companies deal with environmental impacts? This part of the paper compared two companies in the cellular industry, Apple and Nokia, and how these firms deal with environmental impacts. Although Apple is not entirely a mobile devices producer, its only mobile phone, the iPhone, is very popular and widely sold. Nokia is a well known mobile devices producer, which was dominating the industry for a very long time. However, in past pair off years they have faced tremendous difficulties catching up with the technological changes, and did not produce a smart phone in time. Despite their rapid losses in revenue s, they still operate in this market, and one of their latest smart phones, the LUMIA 800, is very similar to the iPhone 4S. Both phones have similar hardware preferences and are comprised of similar materials. Now lets take a look at which political party is break off when it comes to sustainable business. Apple iPhone 4SApple generally says that their products are brominated flame retardant free, PVC free, mercury free, and that the glass they use is arsenic free. All of these factors conclude in a positive result for Apple. Also, the iPhone releases a minimum of CO2 -gases. In fact, it releases only 1.2g of CO2-gases per hour, whereas a light bulb produces 48.4g per hour. This performance is due to the LED screen, as LED produces the least CO2 of all light sources. Furthermore, Apple has reduced the size of their packages of iPhones by 42%, which not only rapidly reduces the amount of materials necessary, but they can also ship 80% more boxes in each airline shipping contai ner. That saves one 747 flight for every 371,250 units they ship. If you count in the amounts of fuel that is saved and add every view of this change together, it is clear that Apples Environmental Management is doing incredibly well. Their whole portfolio regarding environment is a perfect marketing strategy.They claim that all of their products are fully recyclable. This also includes the power conservation, which in this case is a Lithium-Ion battery. This battery is efficient and long lasting, which eliminated the necessity to replace the battery often. Despite this, there is no way the battery can be removed from the phone without unscrewing the body of the phone, for which you need ultra thin screw drivers. Therefore, nobody can actually recycle these batteries themselves, unless they return it to Apple or give their phones to a recycling company. Despite all of these positive factors, Apple still operates this business using very reasonless sales policies. They replace thei r products with twice as strong hardware every year and adapt the software to the new hardware, which makes the old products very slow and ultimately unable to use. This forces the customers to always buy the newest models, which eventually produces a lot of waste. Nokia LUMIA 800Although Nokia now has very strong environmental reporting, this whole process started only after the crisis the company went through. Despite this, the LUMIA 800 proves to be a very sustainable product. In Nokias reports, it is stated that the phone is BFR-free and PVC-free. The company also states that this phone produces 16kg of CO2 emissions per constant 3 years of usage. Equally divided this yields 0.6g per hour of use, however this is not very reliable because it depends on the way these emissions are measured. When it comes to packaging, Nokia still uses the big boxes. After almost 15 years, they still use the same size of the boxes loaded with papers which contribute to a large amount of material w aste. All in all, both companies provide very detailed information about their business ethics, and both rank positively. Apple as well as Nokia lay a great emphasis on improving the environmental aspects of their products and processes in each phase of the product life cycle, from raw material acquisition till the end of the products useful life. Both companies state to have reduced their carbon paper footprint, while introducing new features and constantly improving their products. To conclude, it cannot be said which company performs better as each of them has its advantages and disadvantages.Taking all the above mentioned points into consideration, this paper aims to highlight the ethical issues of mobile phones. When buying a cell phone, most consumers do not even think about what impacts their choice can have on the environment the same applies to the disposal after the end of life. There are estimated 5 billion cell phone users which should be made more aware of the potentia l hazards of mobiles. They can cause environmental and health issues, causing CO2-emissions which increase the carbon footprint. Therefore, in conclusion, the choice which cell phone to buy should not only be based on cost and technical factors but also include environmental aspects.

English and English Literature Coursework Dubliners Essay

These stories are all well-nigh depart for and how characters are unable to escape.In the light of this quotation, I am going to discuss Dubliners, with close detailed reference to two of the stories, Eveline and The embarkation erect.There are many similarities amidst these two stories, as intumesce as contrasts. In Eveline, her father is a drunkard and is also the head of the house, whereas in The Boarding stick out, Pollys father, was a shabby stooped little drunkard who lives separated from his family. Pollys father has been cut-off from her life, and Evelines perplex is dead. The similarity here, is that each child has had one of their parents cut off from a close of their life. Eveline wants to escape to Buenos Aires, to get away from her impoverishment in Dublin. Mr Doran wants to escape from the prospect of labor union. This brings us to one of the main(prenominal) points of the book, the characters inability to escape.Eveline has been given the chance to escape from her life, where she had to work aphonic both in the house and at business. Poor Eveline, however, finds that she is unable to move forward. She lacks the courage and strength to make that leap that testament free her of her oppressive situation. . Shes sees her lover as a possible source of danger All the seas of the world tumbled about her heart. He was drawing her into them he would drown her. Instead of an uncertain but hopeful future, her paralysis will make a certain and dismal future that may well repeat her mothers sad life story. In Mr Dorans case, the theme of powerlessness is conveyed his situation.As with many other characters in Dubliners, various social pressures, like his job and his reputation, combine to rob him of choice. Mrs Mooney wants her daughter to escape her current poverty and the possibility of a working life for marriage, while Mr Doran wants to escape the tying down of marriage and ravish his free life. Mr Doran nonetheless suffernot escape. At the end of The Boarding House, Mrs Mooney tells Polly, Come down, dear. Mr Doran wants to speak to you. The reader is touch by the tremendous irony of the situation, since it is clear that Mr Doran does not really want to speak to Polly. He has been bullied and terrify into proposing marriage to her. These simple words are the hallmark of Mrs Mooneys accomplishment.Frank wants to take Eveline away, but Eveline is unsure. It was hard work-a hard life-but at present that she was about to leave it she did not find to a wholly undesirable life. Polly wants to corroborate with Mr Doran, but Mr Doran is unsure, however he does not bring on a choice What could he do now but marry her or run away? He could not brazen it out. Mr Doran has the choice to run away, but this is not an option for Dublin is such a small city ein truthone knows everyone elses business. two Frank and Mr Doran can be seen as saving the two girls from poverty. Mr Doran and Eveline are both described as helpless. Mr Doran himself says, I felt helpless, while Eveline is described as passive like a helpless animal.At the end of each story, an iron railing is mentioned. Eveline gripped with both hands at the iron railings, utilise them as an anchor, preventing her from drowning into the seas of the world. The railings help Eveline think of thoughts which keep her from leaving. Polly uses the iron railings as an anchor to clear her thoughts. There was no keen-sightedstanding any perturbation visible on her face. Both Mr Doran and Eveline feel that it is their duty to stay and face the consequences. Mr Doran longed to jump through the roof and fly away yet a force pushed him downstairs step by step. Eveline finds that she is paralysed by the needs of her father and her promise to her mother to keep the home together as long as she could.Eveline starts a series of stories dealing with various kinds of marriage and courtship. In Eveline, marriage presents the possibility of escape. The Boardin g House gives us marriage as a social convention and a trap. Two Gallants reduces marriage and courtship to its animal. Two Gallants gave us men taking advantage of a young adult female. The Boarding House gives us a more respectable social setting, but the basic cynicism about love and relationships between the genders remains. The economic conditions are also expressed in Eveline and The Boarding House. To save money in The Boarding House, pieces of broken bread are collected to help make Tuesdays bread-pudding. The sugar and butter is kept safe under lock and key. In Eveline, there is an invariable squabble for money on Saturday nights.Evelines dead mum controls her while Mr Doran is controlled by Mrs Mooney. Mrs Mooney and Evelines mum are both very different people in the sense that Mrs Mooney is strong and independent and Evelines mum is weak and dependent. Evelines love for Frank leads her to escape whereas Mr Dorans love for Polly leads him to confine his life with marriage .Eveline is forced into making her ratiocination to stay by duty to her family. Mr Doran has put himself into his situation and it driven further by Mrs Mooney. Both Eveline and Mr Doran have occupational restrictions. Mr Doran had been employed for thirteen years in a great Catholic wine-merchants spotlight and publicity would mean the loss of his sit. All his hard work would be gone for nothing. Eveline, however, is oppressed by her employer and would not cry many tears at leaving the Stores.One of the striking elements of The Boarding House is Mrs Mooneys silence. Her daughters respect is not really a concern, because she knows about the affair from the start. What matters to her is transaction on her feigned outrage to get a social arrangement that will benefit her daughter. Mrs Mooney manipulates the weaker Mr Doran, using his concern for his job and his fear of scandal. The story concludes with the fact that Mr Doran has spoken to Mrs Mooney and now wants to speak to Polly. This probably suggests a proposal of marriage, and the trap is implied in the final line Then she remembered what she had been waiting for.Marriage is the price which Doran mustiness pay in order to keep his job, since Dublin is such a small city everyone knows everyone elses businessThe stages-of-life structure continues in Eveline. In previous stories like The Sisters and Araby, children had been main characters. Eveline is an adult, a young woman old enough to get married. Joyce gives us the terrible poverty and pressure of her situation. The weight of poverty and family responsibilities offer down on this young woman heavily and her financial situation is far worse than that of the common chord boy narrators of the previous stories. She is trapped in an ugly situation, responsible for her siblings and the aging father who abuses her.In conclusion, it can be said that Joyce presents the themes of escape and paralysis in Dubliners. They show how Joyce sees the city of Dublin.

Pure Hatred Essay

IntroductionIt is so depressing to say that hatred, the most postful of human emotions is put away rampant in todays world. Despite decades of struggles for civil rights, sad stories of hatred be still being told. A lot of individuals construct to walk the streets of cities, the halls of schools and offices, and even the rooms of their own houses in fear. Around this world populate be still being attacked because of their speed up, their sex, or their religion. In this new millennium, is it going to be attainable to create a safer purlieu for all heap? Can each country be go up the Land of the Free? Sadly, individuals and groups that espouse abhor are still active in the country.The horrific events of September 11, 2001, and the terrorism that has followed in its wake bind made it even to a greater extent important now than in the yesteryear to under post the nature of scorn. given up the e realwherewhelming displays of loathe currently being displayed in the world, we have a responsibility to seek an spirit of nauseate, its causes, and its consequences and how to combat it and achieve a culture of peace (Brenes & Du Nann Winter, 201 Brenes & Wessells, 124).Typical Definitions of dislikeThe typical formulations of dislike, those by Aristotle, Descartes, Spinoza, Hume, and Darwin are notable for their contradictions. For Descartes (1694/1989), hate was an awareness of an object as some function bad and an urge to withdraw from it. For Spinoza (1677/1985), it was a sequel of pain (sadness) accompanied by a perception of some external cause. For Aristotle (trans. 1954), the distinguishing phenomenological fact astir(predicate) hate was that it is pain-free (in addition to being incurable by time and striving for the annihilation of its object). Hume (1739-1740/1980) argued that uncomplete love nor hate can be defined at all, because both are irreducible intents with the self-examining immediacy of sensory impressions. Darwin (1872/1998) also saw hate as a special feeling, one that lacks a distinct facial sign and manifests itself as rage.Hatred is causes of bitter sorrow. We find ourselves in repugnance and fire in the presence of one we hate. The joy of hate is being caused by the suffering, loss of power and written report of the hated person. Shand (192) described hate as a syndrome, or a bundle of episodic dispositions fall in by a common emotional object or a common category of such objects. The key feature of such a syndrome is that a person whitethorn be legitimately qualifyd as having it with aside being imputed whatsoever corresponding episodic state.Modern Conceptions of detestSternberg (123) recently proposed that both disgust and disdain are special kinds of hate, wintry hate and cool hate, respectively (see also Oatley & Johnson- Laird, 87, for a claim that hate is a derivative of disgust). Steinbergs proposal is office of a broad theoretical typology based on the principle that, like love, h ate can be characterized in terms of three treat-feelings components (a) intimacy (more precisely, the negation at that placeof), (b) passion, and (c) committal. The feelings and actions associated with the archetypal (negation of intimacy) component include revulsion-disgust and distancing, respectively. Fight-or-flight is the action pattern, and anger-fear are the feelings attending the passion element.The last (commitment) component involves an attempt to depreciate the target of hatred through contempt. On the basis of this triangular structure, Sternberg posited a variety of hates. on that point is, for example, the already mentioned cool hate, composed solely of disgust, and hot hate, composed solely of the anger-fear combination.thither are also cold hate (devaluation through contempt alone), boiling hate (disgust + anger-fear), simmering hate (disgust + contempt), seething hate (passion + commitment also called revilement), and, finally, electrocution hate, which inclu des all three action-feelings components. True hate, he argued, is an emotion of intimacy, respect, and strengthThere can be no hatred in weakness (Solomon, 326) he saw this equality of power as part of hates special mythology, ensuring that the antagonism involves an element of mutual respect. Though Solomon referred to hate as an emotion, the general affective construct that appears to fit surmount his own characterization of hate dynamics is that of a syndrome.Types of HateHate as an EmotionThe hate as an emotion occurs based on the individual emotional fuck. It is an emotion where batch have to experience that affect the way they live. People come to hate some other quite a little whom have mistreated them.Hate that we learn as an IdeaIt is a long-standing hatred even of people they have never met, simply on the basis of belonging to groups in run afoul or as an idea. harm and DiscriminationPrejudice is a negative attitude toward an inbuilt category of people, much an et hnic or racial minority. People who have an obvious difference cite prejudice easier. If you resent your roommate because he or she is sloppy, you are not necessary guilty of prejudice. However, if you at once stereotype your roommate on the basis of such characteristics as race, ethnimetropolis, or religion, that is a form of prejudice. Prejudice tends to perpetuate false definitions of individuals and groups.One important and widespread form of prejudice is racism, the precept that one race is supreme and all others are innately inferior. When racism prevails in a association, members of subordinate groups generally experience prejudice, discrimination, and exploitation. In 1990, as concern mounted about racist attacks in the linked States, Congress passed the Hate Crimes Statistics Act. This law directs the Department of Justice to gather data on wickednesss motivated by the victims race, religion, ethnicity, or sexual druthers. In 2000 alone, more than 8,063 hate iniquit ys were reported to authorities. whatsoever 54 percent of these crimes against persons tangled racial bias, whereas another 18 percent involved religious bias, 16 percent sexual orientation bias, and 11 percent ethnic bias (Department of Justice 2001a).A particularly horrifying hate crime made the front pages in 1998 In Jasper, Texas, three White men with possible ties to race-hate groups tied up a Black man, beat him with chains, and then dragged him behind their truck until his body was dismembered. Numerous groups in the join States have been victims of hate crimes as well as generalized prejudice. In the wake of the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, hate crimes against Asian Americans and Muslim Americans escalated rapidly. Prejudice is also happening against Arab Americans and Muslims who live in the United States (226).The activity of nonionised hate groups appears to be increasing, both in reality and in virtual reality. Although only a hardly a(prenominal) hundr ed such groups may exist, there were at least 2,000 websites advocating racial hatred on the lucre in 1999. Particularly troubling were sites disguised as video games for young people, or as educational sites about crusaders against prejudice, like Martin Luther King, Jr. The technology of the Internet has allowed race-hate groups to expand far beyond their traditional grey base to reach millions (Sandberg, 105).Hate causes ViolenceHate is the most powerful human emotion exists that causes violence. It is a disease like tuberculosis. It may infect others, but it inevitably destroys the hater, diminishing his humanity and perverting the purpose and look to of conduct itself. A special case of ostensive formulation might be found in the concept of the alleged(prenominal) hate crime. Hate crimes can be defined as criminal offenses in which the defendants conduct was motivated by hatred, bias, or prejudice, based on the actual or perceived race, color, religion, national origin, eth nicity, gender, or sexual orientation of another individual or group of individuals. A more extensive definition can be found in the California Penal Code, which says that Hate crimes . . . means any(prenominal) act of intimidation, harassment, physical force, or the threat of physical force directed against any person, or family, or their property or advocate, motivated either in whole or in part by the hostility to the real or perceived ethnic background, national origin, religious belief, gender, age, disability, or sexual orientation, with the intention of causing fear and intimidation.Hate crimes are not separate offenses, however, and it is important to get to that some types of felonies can be prosecuted as hate crimes. Hate crime laws, which have developed during the past decade or two, simply enhance or increase the penalties associated with serious offenses that fall into the hate crimes category. At the 1994 is typical of such legislation. The act provides for enhanced sentences where a federal offense is determined to be a hate crime. The federal Hate Crime Statistics Act, signed into law by then-President Bush in April 1990, mandates an yearbook statistical tally of hate crimes throughout the country.Data collection under the law began in January 1991. annually statistics show approximately 10,000 reported instances of hate crimes, including about a dozen murders. Most hate crimes (approximately 65 percent) appear to be motivated by racial bias, while religious hatred (15 percent) and sexual orientation (12 percent) account for most of the remainder. Many hate crimes that are reported fall into the category of intimidation, although vandalism, simple assault, and modify assault also account for a fair number of hate crime offenses. Notable in recent years has been a spate of church burnings throughout the south where congregations have been predominantly African-American. A few robberies and rapes are also classified under the hate crime umb rella in any given year. Hate crimes are sometimes also called bias crimes.One form of bias crime that bears special mention is homophobic homicide. Homophobic homicide is a term that refers to the murder of homosexuals by those opposed to their lifestyles. Some hate crimes are committed by organized hate groups. According to the Intelligence Project of the grey Poverty Law Center (457) organized hate groups operated in the United States in 1999. Another so-called patriot organizations, many with separatist leanings based on race or ethnicity, existed throughout the country. Some hate crime laws have not passed constitutional muster, often because they have run afoul of First Amendment concerns over free speech.In 1992, for example, in the case of R.A.V. v. City of St. Paul, the U.S. Supreme Court invalidated a St. Paul, Minnesota, city ordinance designed to prevent the bias-motivated display of symbols or objects, such as Nazi swastikas or burning crosses. Also in 1992, in the cas e of Forsyth County, Ga. v. Nationalist Movement, the Court held that a county requirement regulating parades was unconstitutional because it also regulated freedom of speechin this case a plan by an accord of the Ku Klux Klan to parade in opposition to a Martin Luther King birthday celebration. Some writers have noted that statutes mean to control hate crimes may contravene constitutional guarantees if they (1) are too vague, (2) criminalize thought more than action, (3) attempt to control what would otherwise be free speech, and deny equal protection of the laws to those who wish to converse their personal biases.Examples of effective hate crime legislation can be found in a Wisconsin law that increases penalties for most crimes when the offender Intentionally selects the person against whom the crime . . . is committed or selects the property that is discredited or otherwise affected by the crime . . . in whole or in part because of the actors belief or perception regarding th e race, religion, color, disability, sexual orientation, national origin or linage of that person or the owner or occupant of that property, whether or not the actors belief or perception was correct.Wisconsins penalty enhancement statute was upheld in the 1993 case of Wisconsin v. Mitchell. In that case, the United States Supreme Court held that Mitchell, a black man whose severe beating of a white son was racially motivated, could be punished with additional severity as permitted by Wisconsin law because he acted out of race hatred.The Court called the assault conduct unprotected by the First Amendment and upheld the Wisconsin statute saying, since the statute has no chilling effect on free speech, it is not unconstitutionally overbroad. In 2000, however, the Supreme Court, in the case of Apprendi v. bracing Jersey,struck down a New Jersey law that allowed judges to sentence offenders to longer prison terms for crimes motivated by racism or other bias. The law did not require t hat prosecutors levy to a jury that an offense was a hate crime under state law.Are there Any Cures for Hate?There is no magic bullet cure for hate. There are several(prenominal) possible steps, however. Indeed, Staub (240, 124) devised a program for intervening in cases of mass killings and violence (see also Veale & Dona, 147). At the very least, one can start by modifying negative stereotypes, which can be done with some achiever (Blair & Banaji, 219 Mackie, Allison, Worth, & Asuncion, 156). In general, people need to understand the triangular nature of hate and its escalation with successive triangular components so that one can recognize its often subtle presence understand how hate is fomented through stories, often by way of propaganda understand how hate can lead to massacres and genocide through the translation of feeling triangles into action triangles combat feelings of impotence with constructive rather than destructive responses, and actagainst hate and its consequenc es rather than stand by as inactive observers, as the world so often has done realize that passive observation and often attempts at reason enacted in the hope that hate-based massacres and genocides forget go away are perceived as weaknesses and tend to encourage rather than to discourage violence and combat hate with wisdom.There is no complete cure for hate. Cognitive comprehension of a destructive psychological process does not insulate people from experiencing it. But given the destruction hate has caused over time and geography, there is a need to understand it, its consequences, and ways to at least try to combat it through understanding and in particular through action. Indeed, there are few areas of psychology for which it equally can be said that action speaks louder than words. Many of the ways of combating hate are the same that one would use in resolving conflict situations and achieving peace (Christie, Wagner, & Du Nann Winter, 238), including creation of win-win s ituations, building trust between groups, sharing information, each side asking questions of the other, generating quaternate alternative options, and seeking understanding of groups to which one does not belong (Boardman, 149 Isenhart & Spangle, 259).Sometimes when a group communicates to the other the story of what its members have experienced, they can come to an understanding of each other that is not possible when people stay silent and fail to communicate (Albeck, Adwan, & Bar-On, 162). When wrongs have been committed, no solution may be possible unless both sides are willing to forgive (Azar& Mullet, 95). Building tolerance and creating a culture of peace and a society in which people share equally in rights and in participation in the society can go a long way toward resolving problems of violence and hate (Christie & Dawes, 2001 Miall, Ramsbotham, & Woodhouse, 199 Montiel & Wessells, 221). The question is whether people have sufficient good will to achieve this goal. Comba ting hate requires, first and foremost, taking responsibility for it, its perpetrators, and its consequences.Ultimately, the best way to combat hate may be through wisdom (Steinberg, 198). Intelligent people may hate wise people do not. People like Mohandas Gandhi, Martin Luther King, Mother Theresa, and Nelson Mandela had the same human passions as any of us, but in their wisdom, they moved beyond hate to embrace love and peace. The balance scheme of wisdom (Sternberg, 198) defines wisdom as the application of intelligence, creativity, and experience toward a common good by match ones own interests with others interests and institutional interests over the long and short terms. By definition, wise people do not hate others because they care about the individuals (or groups) wellbeing as well as their own or that of their group. They seek solutions that embrace the legitimate interests of others as well as of themselves.Someone who cares about anothers interests and well-being can not hate that person, in part because he or she cannot dehumanize that other. Schools typically larn children knowledge and to think intelligently. But they rarely teach for wisdom. Indeed, in many schools across the globe, they teach hate for one group or another. Ultimately, if society wishes to combat hate, its schools and institutions need to teach students to think wisely. They then will realize that hate is not the solution to any legitimate life problem. Indeed, it foments rather than solves problems. But to teach for wisdom requires wisdom, and so far, the possession of that wisdom is a challenge that many fail to meet, not because we cannot meet it, but rather, because we choose not to. It is to be hoped that, in the future, people will make the better choicefor wisdom rather than for foolishness and the hate that can arise from it. terminationTo sum up, despite much recent attention to hate as a topic of reciprocation and intervention, there currently exists no generally accepted definition and cure of hate. More grievously, there is nil approaching a consensus on how to delimit the domain within which such a definition would fall. Meanings of hate differ both across and within mounts. Thus, it remains unclear if different authors are indeed discussing or intervening against the same thing. 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