Journal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 29

diary - Essay ExampleThis bare feeling is enhanced by short, austere sentences which contrast the more ebullient role of a movie star.The syntax of this passage highlights the fact that despite of her being tough and practical, she soundless faces ch each(prenominal)enging circumstances, especially given that she feels betrayed by her husband due to the affair. The parallel structure and repetition which all begin with She stresses her despair, loneliness, pain and suffering as the two people she considers important to her life are not there for her.By placing Try to smile proudly in its own carve up, Moore emphasizes the importance of her to rise in a higher place her present predicament and focus on the opportunity she has, and this establishes her as the primary focus of the story, as the paragraph marks the transition from her description of the babysitting jobs so as to compare it with being a electric razor psychologists.Why write? Where does writing have it off from? Th ese are questions to ask you. They are like Where does dust come from? Or Why is there war? Or If theres a God, then wherefore is my brother now a cripple? (1019).The purpose of these rhetorical questions is not to obtain a response, just to assert the implicitly. They serve the subtle means of insinuating the notion of why the author wants the readers to be writers, and which might be challenged by the readers when asserted directly.it will be about monomania and the fish-eat-fish world of life insurance in Rochester, New York. The first line will be Call me Fishmeal and it will feature a menopausal suburban husband named Richard, who because he is so depressed all the times is called Mopey Dick by his witty wifeLets go out and get a big beer(1019).This passage underscores Moores sense of brain and it accentuates some chilling, private revelations that give rise

Car Safety Technologies Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Car Safety Technologies - Research Paper Examplen the raise up of high incidents of accidents, governments have been working hard with automobile producers to incorporate preventive technologies in their car models. As such, it is crucial for every individual to understand car safeguard features before making any purchase. This authorship explores some of the most crucial car caoutchouc technologies in the automobile industry for the benefit of individuals with plans of buy cars at present or in the future.What would it feel like to take a ride in a car with faulty braking system or loose wheels? Ideally, no one would ever sine qua non to put his or her life at find by getting behind the wheel of a road unworthy car. However, many accidents have occurred with vehicles perceived to be perfect for the road, but how can this chore be solved? The incorporation of car safety technologies is the answer to improving passenger safety in cars. Advance technologies are ensuring high-l evel testing and thus safer vehicles. Automobile producers are actively pursuing and investment in technologies, which are aimed at improving safety of their products. The following are some of the car safety technologies available in the automobile industryElectronic stability control (ESC) This technology is significantly minimizes the risk of car skidding when one pulls an emergency action. ESC technology is made in such a manner that it applies unbidden braking to particular car wheels (Aparow et al 270). This technology also has the ability to cut the engine power temporarily so that the car driver can maintain control of the car. ESC remains a crucial safety technology in modern vehicles, thus car buyers and owners should ensure they fit this particular car safety technology.Tire-pressure monitoring technology In the US, all passenger vehicles of 10,000 pounds or below are required by the Traffic and Safety Administration to be fixed with a system that monitors pressure of t he tires. Sensors fixed on the car wheels will alert the driver in the

International labor standards Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

International cranch standards - Essay ExampleThe ILO is perhaps the only institution of its kind in the founding which has the capability and credibleness to vouch that international working class standards are implemented and this has lent credence to its continued existence. This agencys recommendations tend to mainly provide guidance to its 183 outgrowth states but while this may be the case, its miscellaneous conventions tend to be given the status of treaties, which are often binding on its members. Despite this macrocosm the case, it is a fact that these conventions do not go into force in the ILO member countries until such a time as they are ratified by individual governments. It is through the establishment of labor standards among ILO member states that it is possible to promulgate and enforce those national laws that are in line with its conventions (Warnecke & De Ruyter, 2010). Thus, it is through these means that the ILO officiate towards ensuring that interna tional labor standard are enforced in order to protect the labor resources of the earth from abuse.The ILO was established in 1919 during the Paris Peace Conference, the aim of the latter being an attempt to ensure that at that place was a lessening of public support for communist ideals. It is because of this that the allies chose to insert clauses into the peace treaty which would ensure that there would be the protection of labor unions as well as the rights of workers in the diverse industries of the world at the time. It was agreed that an international body, whose main purpose was to help in the guidance of international labor relations, would be established in the future. The first annual conference of the newly created organization was took place on October 1919 i Washington D.C. and it is during this conference that there was the adoption of the first six international labor conventions. These conventions dealt with the working hours in industry, how to define and handle unemployment, maternity protection, the minimum age to work,

Question 1&2 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Question 1&2 - Assignment ExampleIn this case, cover is not viewed as being alone or away from separates but is based on matters such(prenominal) as trespass to a persons personal billet.The contravention of the law of slander and traduce demands that remedy be attained through treatment of a persons feelings which tends to interfere with the counterbalance of privacy. Absolute protection of the right to privacy may limit the ability of an individual to access other rights which are closely tied. The right to property may not be fully achieved if an individual wants to claim their right to privacy as the property may be located in a go into near other people.c) Protection against libel and slander is not sufficient in the protection of privacy because its remedy only involves the treatment of mere wounded feelings instead of addressing the actual issues that the led to the breach of privacy. collapse of implied contract is insufficient in the protection of privacy in the sen se that it does not allow for thaw interaction between the offender and the person being offended. Hence it limits the exercise of right of privacy. Loss of property leads to loss of privacy in the search for a lost property or remedy to the loss.a) gentle surveillance uses non harmful means of carrying out investigations in crime scene investigations such as desoxyribonucleic acid tests from samples taken from body fluids such as the saliva. It involves the application f modern forensic laboratory equipment in the investigation. On the other hand panopticon applies the use of technical forms of investigation that may include deep enquiry of the body parts of the victims at a crime scene. It may include physical torture of suspects so that they can reveal some information.The collection of information for search is unseen due to the automated systems. The bear upon does not infringe on the privacy of individuals as one is not

MIS Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

MIS - Research Paper ExampleAn efficient MIS can be costly to integrated in already existing businesses. However, they improve the coordination of different departments and the flow of the business processes and in so doing enhances productiveness while simultaneously cutting down the costs of operation (Laudon & Laudon 2).The diagram below illustrates the 10-step traditional set up of process at a clavus mill. There atomic number 18 five departments in this specific corn mill. These are the Procurement department, the Processing department, the storage department, the accounting department and the sales department.The corn is from suppliers who have been sourced by the procurement department. This department ensures that the corn is transported to the mill through the suppliers or procured transporters. The procurement department is responsible for making sure that enough corn is continuously supplied to the mill to avoid instances of shortage. After this, the corn is handed ev erywhere to the processing department.Before anything is done to the corn, it is first of all graded. During grading, the corn is sorted based on its spirit and fitness for consumption. After the corn has been graded, it is interpreted to the mill. Here it is grinded to cornmeal, processed and packed. The lower quality corn is taken to the animal feed mill where it is processed to animal feed. Waste is then disposed or stored for compost or energy generation. The ground corn is then handed to the storage department.In the storage department, the already packed cornmeal is counted and further packed into storage containers. This is as a quality control prevention to avoid storing or selling damaged produce. Excess produce is in silos. The stock taking records are then forwarded to the accounting department.The accounting department ascertains the records provided are accurate. Records are duplicated and stored for future purposes. The accounting

Social Responsibility of The Athletes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Social Responsibility of The Athletes - Essay ExampleThey acquire an influential power that can bring race from different cultures or religious to come up with amazing strategies in the society (Smith, 2013). They can allow the muckle through their different activities related to the society. They should be confident, honest and supportive. They ready to get past to athletes association and personal advisers and think intimately what is best for the people of their nation.Athletes stand a disclose chance of making the world a better place. This is attributed to the fact that they are public figures and command a great following. The less fortunate people in the society are as much important as the athletes themselves, their coaches as well as their fans. Athletes feed the responsibility to fight for social justice. They should be ready to part of their huge salaries for the sake of recognition of the peoples secures and better living condition. Some of the top earners in spor ts include Aaron Rodgers, North American who plays football for Green Bay Packers earns 43 million USD per year, Drew Bees, the North American football player for juvenile Orleans Saints earns 40 million USD per year, just to mention but a few (Neto, 2013). These players can eliminate the portion of their salaries to charity or projects and programs aimed at helping the needy. They should be ready to stand by what is right and what they believe even if they are criticized.Athletes can change lives through social responsibility. The reason is that athletics have the power to bring about strong emotions and encourage health, friendship, and respect. They are able to support and inspire people with intellectual disability through sports. Sports help them to improve physical fitness, show courage, and be involved in the sharing of gifts talents and friendship. The Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) social responsibility partners see this as an outstanding job.

Waste Elimination Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

shoot a line Elimination - Coursework ExampleIn the several groups identified by economist, Taiichi Ohno, there is the imperative need of identifying some of them and breaking them down in an effort to acquire greater understanding of their effects and subsequent characteristics. These fellate groups include, damage caused by the waste to the environment, the waste in production and the waste brought about in motion. Baltimore third estate Construction is a company based in Maryland that has made tremendous efforts in end the various waste issues experienced today. Focusing on the first category identified, there are really many effects caused by waste products to the environment and the affected are not only people, alone also other organisms in the environment. One of the major problems that waste products collect on the environment is pollution. befoulment is a problem that has affected many countries in the 21st century and the amount of waste products that make about t his is in a very large amount. Characterization of pollution is into three groups, one of the vast types is air pollution, the other type of pollution identified is water pollution, and then there is the less still still epidemic soil pollution. Focusing on air pollution, the major factor to identify with this is global warming. Many companies in the contemporary world manufacture and produce goods using industries and factories that do not have proper waste disposal systems. However, one of the ways through which Baltimore Green Construction has

Week 3 discussion questions and summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Week 3 discussion questions and summary - Essay ExampleStrategic planning highlights its grandness both for domestic and international markets. Although there are some differences between the strategic planning of the devil but they are almost the same. The only major difference is that in an international market a business finds tougher competition and a more radical environment. Brand loyalty is less customers look for reveal quality at cheaper rates, hence strategic planning for international market needs more enquiry and critical thinking. Strategic planning should vary country to country it is important for a country to interpolate its strategic planning according to its customers. In the same way different countries should adopt different strategic planning. Another reason for varying strategic planning is the competition that prevails in the international market. Every sure is competing to be the best hence they keep an eye on the strategies of their competitors. alteratio n is an ongoing process that has been detect in the history and is still carrying on. An adaptation is a process in which every new vista of a thing is taken up in order to peak its performance. Adaptation is applicable in international market in different scenarios for example the hand knitwork method was replaced by the knitting machine that was more effective but a little less in quality at that time. The early adapters took the advantage and later a more advance machine updated the quality as well. nearly adaptation can have different results depending on the scenario diminishing returns can result due to adaptation. A perfect example is when the demand of a product is less and an organization adapts to a better applied science resulting in excess production that in turn results in diminishing returns. But its not endlessly this way, Adaptation if done with proper planning and strategy will always give positive results. Adaptation is a very important phase in a business and

Explain how blood diamonds have helped prolong conflict in Africa Essay

Explain how blood diamonds have helped prolong conflict in Africa - Essay vitrinemer Zaire (now conveniently known as the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC-Kinshasa) and from Sierra Leone to Liberia, diamonds have fuelled well-bred struggles by armed insurgents seeking both revolutionary social change and vast riches through the illicit diamond trade. According to the United Nations, conflict diamonds are used to fund military work on on behalf of insurgents and the trade of said diamonds is illegal. Seeking to explore the linkages between diamonds in Africa and modern insurgency, this essay pull up stakes provide a holistic analysis of the conflict diamond phenomenon and will begin by formation conflict diamonds as well as explore historic antecedents to this trend. This will be followed by a brief discussion of the lineament of conflict diamonds in modern instances of civil war, including in Liberia, Angola, the DRC and Sierra Leone. Our good example analysis will focu s primarily on Sierra Leone and the role of diamonds in perpetuating civil war in one of the poorest countries on the planet. We then turn to an exploration of the international response to conflict diamonds, including the Kimberly Process, and in the case of Sierra Leone, the establishment of international criminal tribunals to bring the perpetrators of armed conflict and extreme violence, a great deal funded through the illicit diamond trade, to justice. By exploring efforts to curb the illicit trade of conflict diamonds, we hope to expend light on the international efforts and will conclude with questions regarding the future of armed conflict in Africa and the role that diamonds and other precious resources may play in fuelling future conflict (Goldsmith, 1987)The exploitation of Africa is a historical fact with its roots in the colonial enterprise and Western encroachment onto the continent. Colonialism has had a lasting jounce on many countries of the developing world. Few countries of the world were immune to colonial penetration and the enduring crop of the colonial legacy can be found in

Ineffectiveness of GPS Monitoring System for Sex Offenders Research Paper - 1

Ineffectiveness of GPS Monitoring System for Sex Offenders - Research Paper Example in spite of the optimistic effects of technology in the society by improvising the GPS braids, understanding the restrictions of this technology remains necessity in maintaining the safety of the society. A case is depicted of a sex strikeender who cut off his GPS monitoring doohickey and eluded authorities. Although the device still warned the police to keep an eye on the sex offender, the device remained incompetent since the sex offender was able to roam around and carry out his inhuman acts again. exploitation a GPS requires the free flow of information to those responsible for making sure that the task is accurately carried out. Therefore, utilise the GPS to monitor or track a sex offender does not entirely depend on the technology only when responsibility of those using the device in order to ensure its effectiveness.GPS monitoring device only acts as a part of the solution to sex offende rs. They only track where the individual goes, but in essence, do not deprive him the ability to find their next target. John Albert Gardener depicts a sex offender who had a GPS device to monitor his tracks and make sure that he never went nearly any young woman. However, still having the device, Gardener was able to rape and murder two helpless teenagers vertebral column in 2009. It is evident that the paroled felon was not at any chance under careful watch as officials thought. It can be depicted that these two victims could be alive if only the devices were effectively used. As a dangerous sex offender, John Albert Gardener still roams in the streets.

Is sickle cell pain adequately managed in a hospital setting Essay

Is reap hook jail cell pain adequately managed in a hospital setting - evidence ExampleThe latter is a synthesis of enquiryes from the main contributors on the same study.The dickens medical research articles to be presented in this critique will be analyzed in six (6) parts. (1) First is on the statement of the research problem. For the research problem, this section will find out if the problems stated or implied in the two research articles are clear, researchable, and related to field-nursing. The first part will excessively examine the competence and qualifications of the researchers who conducted the research. (2) The second part is concerned about the literature review. In this section, the relevance, comprehensiveness, currency, and logic of the literature reviews will be evaluated. (3) The third part of this critique studies on the study design. It consists of the study design, discussion of the theoretical framework and the statements of the hypothesis. (4) The one-qu arter is about the data collection. It identifies the data collection methods used in the research articles including the justifications of the usage of these methods. This part also talks about the validity and reliability of the data collection methods. (5) Next part tackles the data analyses of the two articles. This section analyses the appropriateness and descriptiveness of the analysis methods on the data. The analysis methods involve the presentation of findings in the form of tables, graphs, and charts and also some discussions. (6) The last part discusses the conclusions and recommendations presented in the two researches for future studies. This section tends to evaluate if the conclusions presented justify their purposes.In Thomas, Wilson-Barnett, and Goodharts research article, they state the problem concerning the difficulty of the management of pain on patients with sickle cell disease. They state the problem by saying the current state in the pain management of sickl e cell disease in hospitals. As quoted in their articlePainful crisis

How convincing is Porter's model of national competitive advantage in Essay - 1

How convert is Porters model of subject field competitive advantage in explaining the workings and achievements of major nation - Essay precedentThe claims are based on the total percentage of the entire exports across the entire globe and their sex act to the three nations (Hill, 2009). This is an evidence of how Porter created a convincing analysis on his view on national competitiveness. In explaining the national business systems, Porter analyses national business systems by reviewing their input signal in the spherical market. He argues that the more exports a nation make the more logical implication it has in the global market(Thompson, 2004).This focussing of reviewing national business systems is preferable when comparing the output of nations in the global market. According to Thompson (2004) this method whitethorn be however, biased since not all national business systems are based on exports. The rootage further argues that they are nations with greater G.D.Ps and have very static economic systems and they have less input in the supranational market (Thompson, 2004). In using porters way of analysis such(prenominal) nations lacks the international standard of competitive advantage. This assumption has created a Porter system that only recognizes the financial stable nations on the global market (Uchida & Cook, 2005). Porter ingestions the national diamond to show the crook of nations to their local companies. The influence and pressure from a nation will be a great determinant on whether or not the organizations attain an international competitive advantage. Nations provide support and resources to specific countries which then generate corking products and income. However, analysts argue that this diamond structure is usually biased depending on mutual agreement by both parties. For instance, an organization may enter into a deal with a government to share a reliable percentage of their profits in exchange for support and resources. In such a scenario the market becomes excited (Smit, 2010). However, this strategy is used by states to strengthen their international market significance. In an argument by Smit (2010) the greater the significance in the international market the greater income through partnerships and revenues. The author further argues that, state governments use the national diamond to help the nation gain greater competitive advantage in the international market. This automatically raises the economic status of an organization. In support of the national diamond strategy, Porter claims that it improves specialization and the superior of goods produced in a country (Schott, 2004). He gave an example with Denmark and its influence in the global market in terms of export of insulin. The Danish government has significantly alleviated the production of insulin and treatment of diabetes in the country. It has provided resources, diplomatic and economic support for this expulsion (Peng, 2009). The im pact of this move is significant to the whole industry. Denmark is the leading exporter of insulin in the globe. minus the support from the government this achievement would not have been possible (Peng, 2009). In Holland there is a premier research institute which focuses on cultivation, shipping and packaging of flowers. This project is almost a sole project of the Holland government that is supplied with resources and labor from the body. After this intervention Holland has become the leading exporter of flowers in the globe (Salvatore, 2002). This shows how great significance government support is on an organization. However, Porter

Music World Culture Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

unison World Culture - Assignment ExampleOn discovering the legends and history behind the nations ethnic heritage, it is possible to know how these iconic symbols got associated with its culture and society. The discussion here commences with the historical, sociological, and geographical information of Scotland regarding its people, culture, and society and especially focuses on the music world culture that includes cultural information somewhat the countrys queer music, dance, and instruments of the Scottish people.The geographical location of Scotland lies approximately in the northern end of United dry lands mainland, encompassing about 7.5 million hectares of land. The country is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean in the west, with the North Sea in the east and the North Channel and Irish Sea in the south-west. In addition to the mainland, the country is do up of around 790 small islands, including the Hebrides and the Northern Isles. Scotlands population is estimated to be more than 5 million, as per the census 2011, with a population of 62 percent identified as being purely Scottish, 18 percent as Scottish and British, 8 percent as British only, and 4 percent as other national identities. (Analysis National Identity). The diverse national identities in Scotland have contributed to the culturally divergent heritage of the land.Scotland has a complex yet engrossing history that can be stretched back up to some thousands of years, from the Kingdom of Alba to the modern Scotland of today. The emergence of Scotland can be dated back to the Prehistoric period, when the Kingdom of Alba emerged after the primitive immigrants colonization of the land. After the invasion of British colonialism and the subsequent agreement Treaty of Edinburgh-Northampton in 1328, Scotland was recognized as an independent sovereign state and got merged with Great Britain in the seventeenth-century. Scotland

Popular culture-Respond to questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Popular culture-Respond to questions - Essay ExampleAs land continuously became scarce, the American limit plan evolved the great land expanse to the bourns such as ocean and space exploration, which were less tangible. Shames asserts that had the supply of more(prenominal) carried on indefinitely, expansion would could be a goal in itself. This would give rise to a tax system founded on bulk rather than part of life. Therefore, the American situation today is based on the fact that there is less to be had (Shames et al 93).According to Shames, there argon connections between the explanation of the American marge and consumer behaviour. The connection stems from the American culture of wanting more, which is not easily satisfied, which is synonymous to the frontier history. In this sense, the more is better notion that emerged during the frontier era has not changed and is still evident in consumer behaviour. He further points out that the sense of quality among American cons umers has lagged behind that of scale. Therefore, both the American consumer and the frontier history are not quite about the quality of what one gets but rather, quantity. In the frontier history, people were more concerned about the acreage of land they would acquire and not its quality. In a similar manner, the modern consumer behaviour focuses more on how much the consumer can get rather than the quality of what they are purchasing (Shames et al 94).Retailers make use of spatial organisation design to affect consumers acquire habits and their behavior. Depending on how stores use their space to arrange merchandise, they can determine how easily consumers can locate what they are shopping for. The idea of displaying the latest designs of clothes on the right hand side of the entrance to American shops was informed by the notion that people tend to walk the way they drive. On the same note, that is wherefore fast-food outlets are

Puplic Opinion and Political Communication - International Political Essay

Puplic Opinion and Political parley - International Political Communication - Essay ExampleThe September 11 struggles on the World Trade Center prove the catholicity of the statement that nonhing in this globe is fireproof. Nothing, and absolutely nothing is completely free from unprecedented terror. Today, the get together States will vouch for that, as Washington has taken all possible damage- run into measures to ensure that its people utter easy. However, unforgettable times can never be erased completely they can just remain hidden. musical composition the attack on the WTC on September 11 woke America from its complacency, what followed the attack is nothing pitiable of incredulous. The attack affected not just Americans, and also those millions of people all around the world who had depended on America for a better life. Consequently, Washington had to answer its citizens all of them. The visible damage control measures involved a steady deal of deliberation, a grea t deal of communication, and a massive measuring stick of persuasion. Americas communication arsenal was put to the finest test as the country had to answer to visibly all related parties from citizens to trade partners. The damage was through with(p) when two architectural marvels were torn down but the damage control required America to sharpen its most potent tool, and unarguably, the most required weapon communication.Indeed, intelligent and thoughtful political communication techniques were the only tools that could bail America out of distress. If communication techniques were not up to the mark, America would have lost millions in terms of investment, damage to property, and loss of life. If today, America is again on its feet, it is all thanks to the marvelous communication techniques employed in those times of distress.So, in this look for paper, we will attempt to look at the communication angle with respect to 9/11 attack closely. The impact of 9/11 was felt all around the world, and America has so far done a fine job in

New Balance Case study Essay Example for Free

freshlyly labyrinthine sense Case study Essay swell Management structure e. g. Van Rooyen the general manager Wide range of overlaps across every clear home Functional technological design in terms of fit. Foot widths produce been incorporated in the design of the shoe. This distinguishes/ differentiates freshly repose wargon from its competitors. Brand has been kept afford fit in terms of equipment casualty Inspired well-taken care of employees who are performance driven beca use up of the culture of the keep keep company Is established in galore(postnominal) countries and has quite a big world(a) footprint Good relationship with retailers. They catch been accommodated and close bonds remove been formed with them. Good securities industrying techniques, focussing on strategies that the study competition have neglected OPPORTUNITIES (in company of the most lucrative) Nowadays passel wear sneakers for leisure/fashion purposes and freshly proportionality could target that merchandise. impertinently balance could establish some other lines within their range for Leisure or even high closing curtain securities industry, kids grocery store etc. Target the soccer/ black market ( new balance has do lowly advancement in this sector) new-sprung(prenominal) balance was places as number unity in the trail category.They should turn on this wave sponsor the person who won in that category. Create tainted/ concept stores s egressheastern Africa has a strong sporting culture that the company could capitalise on ( Netb alone, court, walking), brisk Balance needs to have more market share in these sectors Advancement in technology and innovation. spic-and-span balance has the chance to update its products and come up with new innovations to keep up and to penetrate the market. Make headway into the online sell sector. There is a rearing level of health ken in the public and more nation are leading an active lifestyle.This has led to more sales of the run/sports gear. And New Balance has an opportunity to grow. Sports has become a source of entertainment and in that locationfore there is more demand for it, and an opportunity to grow within the market In South Africa musical compositionicularly there has been large growth in the center income sector, and that is an opening/ gap market for the company to target. More product lines. WEAKNESSES Limited product line. New Balance has focused in the first place on running. However, the market has been shifting to non only include serious athletes, moreover it now exchangeablewise caters to the more fashion-oriented crowd.This crowd tends to be from the younger generation, the part of the population that New Balance has so far not been focusing on. New Balance needs to expand into new product areas and remain competitive in the changing market. Manufacturing costs. With its competitors outsourcing most of their manufacturing to other countries such as China , Nike, Adidas and Reebok have been able to cut their manufacturing costs significantly. New Balance on the other hand manufactures its situation in the USA. Has to ordinance stock from abroad. New Balance falls behind its other major competitors, Nike, Adidas and Reebok, in the area of marketing. contrasted its competitors, New Balance does not undertake celebrity endorsements. This puts them at a disadvantage when it comes to brand building. This also causes the company to be at a disadvantage on gaining awareness on a spheric scale and they lose out on publicity from major global events. Most global brand screams generate strong brand recognition through celebrity endorsements in sporting events (e. g. soccer and rugby world cups) that would give them the needed momentum to carry their brand name further into the global market.The fact that new Balance has multiple widths also adds to the cost of manufacturing Van Rooyens statement of not wanting the shoe to be a giant, neve rtheless to become known as better. large is better, the words are synonymous with each other there is no need to sacrifice the one to have the other. The company can be both bigger and better. THREATS The sportswear industry is growing and seemly more competitive so the will be new producers and entries in the market with new aces up their sleeves.More competition in the market Sales on the technical running market have been on the decline according to (exhibit 1) in the New Balance Case Study, and this is New Balances stronghold. Becoming unretentive and not scanning the periphery. Not seeing that there are gaps in the market and focussing mainly on running. Not considering fashion focussed brands such as Puma as competition. This is a unforesightful trait of assuming indispensability Summary Much of the strengths of New Balance lie in the prime(prenominal) of their product and the grave relationships they have with their retailers/ distributers.Their weaknesses are in that they are too focussed on the functionality of product, whereas the market is constantly changing and they need to be evolving with the market. Opportunities lie in the diversification of the product and making it more contemporary. They also need to employ stronger marketing techniques. Question 2 Would you consider New Balance a recessional player in the athletic footwear industry New balance is a niche player with regards to their marketing technique. They utilised niche marketing strategies that the bigger firms overlooked. 1.Van Rooyen chose to create awareness at smaller sports club levels e. g. life-saving clubs, rugby clubs and hockey clubs etc. Or doing in store promotions to create awareness about the shoes. These are clubs that the major competitors were not concentrating on, but rather focussing on big marathon races such as the Two Oceans and the Comrades. In store campaigns were a great way to connect with the node personally. 2. Van Rooyen dedicated a big chunk of t he companys expenditure into the sponsoring of events. This gave the company a lot of exposure.These events ranged from the Total Sports Challenges Knysna Marathon, Surf Ski Series and school events. They also targeted pass away schools in South Africa that are well known for their cricketing, netball. And through this New Balance was on everyones mouth. 3. Another way they utilised in-store promotions was to assemble a Fit Tracks Machine, which is a foot scanner that advises a person which shoe product and size a new runner would need. This is a outline the major brands were not using and this gave New Balance an edge above them, and it also marketed the functionality of their product.4. Corporate branding and clothing. This is a growing gap in the market that the big giants werent focussing on. The opposition targeted soccer teams darn NB went for the Army, air force, Police force. 5. Advertisements in running magazines. Other brands had stopped putting adverts in running magazi nes as this was costly. New Balance saw a gap and advertised in every individual issue of Runners World Magazine. And this paid off to an extent that the competitors copied them and once more started publicise in athlete magazines.The above marketing strategies are typical concentrated (niche) target market strategies. Although the company did not suffer from limited resources, they chose this route because it was more effective and efficient for their brand. They had thorough knowledge of the market they were targeting (serious, technical sportsmen) and they used this knowledge to get their product into the market. Characteristics of niche targeting (pg. 11, Principles of Marketing Hand-outs) Strategic Factors Niche Targeting New Balance example Target Market mavin Narrowly defined consumer group Serious Athletes scattering Carefully selected outlets. Few exclusive dispersal New balance targeted independent retailers mostly ( big firms were not supplying these) and although the y do supply big shops such as Edgars, Total Sports and such. The independent distributers make up a large portion of their share price Marketing Communication Specialised media e. g. specialize magazines The media strategy that New Balance chose to use was specialised in a sense that it wasnt mass media and all over the place. They rather targeted specific sectors they wanted to make themselves known in.Sectors that other major players had neglected. Price One price range tailored to the consumer group. The founding level price for New balance ranges from R399-R599 where as for the competitors it ranged from R399-R1500 outline emphasis Appeal to one specific consumer group via highly specialised marketing programme New Balances appeal is to the serious athlete who prefers functionality over fashion. Their marketing programme (see numbered bullets above) was highly specialised and set them apart from competitors. Question 3 New Balances approach to segmenting the marketNew Balance s market segmentation approach is that of a concentrated market strategy. New Balances segmentation approach is functionality over fashion. Therefore stressing the functionality of the shoe and targeting the technical sportsman is how New Balance ( pg. 5, New Balance Case Study) has segmented his market. New Balance has chosen this approach because of their a. increase range/variability. They offer mainly specialized technical running shoes for professional sportsmen. b. Market variability, the market has various sectors but they have decided to target the specific market of running.c. Competitors marketing strategies. Their competitors are focussed on the larger chunks of the South African sporting market e. g. soccer Question 4 New Balances marketing mix Product New Balance offers technical running shoes for the serious athlete. They also have a wide range of products in every sporting category e. g. mens footwear, trail walking, cross-training, court, childrens, soccer and athle suire. Their product is differentiated from their competitors in that their shoes come in a form of multiple widths and lengths across all the product lines.In order to expand their product range and accordingly have a larger customer base I would recommend New Balance venture into the fashion/leisure market as there is a gap for them there create a line for the childrens market in future, get into the soccer / black market as that is one of the most popular sports in the country and demographically forms a larger part of South African sports players have a high-end line for the more exclusive market which, pricewise will be high than the entry level of 399-599 that they currently have.New Balance also has the opportunity to do more look for and development on their product and come up with other innovative technical features for their shoes. They could come up with other breakthrough technologies that will make them market leaders in speciality sportswear. Branding In branding t heir product, New Balance has taken an endorsed by no-one approach, which I believe works well with what the company stands for. There are pitfalls to having a celebrity or well-known sports star as the face of a brand as that places the brands image in the hands of one individual.A task that has affected New Balances competition Nike in the recent months. New Balance has because kept their image of function over fashion and will be known for that . The companys focus in on quality and performance which will therefore sell the brand. On the other hand it is good to note that the Michael Jordan and Nike collaboration brought about the worlds bestselling sneaker to date, and therefore purposeful endorsements can push the global image of the brand and give the brand and edge. New Balance could use the worlds best trail runner as the face of their trail category since they are the leading brand in that category.Price New Balances aim is to attain 38% to 40% margins and they therefore have kept the brand affordable at the price of R399-R599 for a new balance entry level shoe(pg. 3 New Balance Case study) . Considering that entry level shoes form the pop of New Balances sales another strategy might be need. As mentioned sooner a new high-end line that is for the more exclusive target market can be made with the entry level shoes starting at a much higher price. The customers would be the motley of customers who associate price with quality, and functionality and prestige.The middle income market is growing in South Africa, and therefore with rising incomes people can afford more high-end products. Place New Balances retail strategy obscure targeting independent sports stores that had been neglected by the their major competitors, these stores ended up making 36% of the companys business while the bigger stores e. g. Edgars, Total sports etc. made the rest of the share. You could say that even their distribution technique was that of a niche type of strategy, since they targeted what was bypassed by their major competitors.Opening braded shops in the weak areas like Namibia and keeping a low profile, is not a great move. I would recommend that new balance open branded shops in the cities as well. Thats where most activity and population constriction is, and also where the brand itself can showcase all the aspects of their brand and products that retailers cannot stock. They may be afraid of competing with their retailers, but I believe there is enough room for the retailers and New Balance concept stores to both attain in the market without cancelling each other out.New Balance can also establish an online retail system where consumers can order products directly online. Promotion Publicity New Balance has a good form of a public relations strategy to get the name of New Balance out there to the customers. . This infact, formed a big part of their strategy as they would sponsor events, and this made up a big part of their expenditure. This gave them a lot exposure through print media and television e. g. chalk up sports challenge, school sporting events. AdvertisingNew balance created awareness in smaller sports clubs and taking part bin promotions at shops. They also used direct marketing where they kept databases of their customers e. g runners in marathons and retailers and directly marketing their new products and events to them. They also advertised in magazines, and went the co-branding route to get their name out there. CHECK EXHIBITS AT THE BACK FOR RECOMMENDATIONS Personal selling The instore campigns wre a graet way to establish a more personal relation ship and connect with the customer.

Inclusive Education Essay Example for Free

Inclusive Education EssayThis report details the role of facts of lifeal inclusion, exclusive and general perspectives on inclusion and how the medical and social toughies have played a great break off in the conception and in its application in regards to inclusion in the past and in novel times. Inclusion has diametric conception and used in certain terminology that relates to inclusion. It is used in different settings such as in social c ar and in the educational setting in the governing today. In this report I will be focusing on the educational part. The Encarta English dictionary defines inclusion as the addition of somebody or something to the rest of a whole. This definition has non qualify who is to be included but a person or group being part and recognized by the rest of a whole. Inclusion have been defined and interpreted by many as just the integration of children with superfluous educational needs (SEN) into mainstream school. According to (Rigby 2000) these kinds of misconception and viewpoints often lead to the mis chthonianstanding and ill-treatment in such a way that it creates room for continuous labelling, bulling and rejection by others without SEN.The term Inclusion gibe to (The Warnock 1978 Report) was initially used as integration, whereby children with SEN who have been educated in peculiar(a) schools where integrated into mainstream school provided they did not have any effect on adequate use of resources. The definition of inclusion is actually changing and moving, in the sense that, its concept and dynamism is now broader, people ar now beginning to amply understand what it means and what it evolve in the family today.It is not just about people with special needs integrating or having the same capabilities to perform but having equal choices on where is more contributory they choose to live, having equal opportunity to engage in whatever they choose to do and being judge the way they are (Giangreco 1997). S ocial Inclusion/ Social Exclusion There are no clear definitions for social inclusion and social exclusion, both of them has multiply definitions, it all depends on the context which it is used for and is cool off being developed.Exclusion can be defined as the act of excluding, or of shutting out, whether by thrusting out or by preventing admission a debarring rejection prohibition the state of being excluded (Inc moving-picture show Group International 2008). According to the definition above, it indicates that social exclusion is multidimensional people are not only excluded in the society because of their age, sex, religion, colour, disabilities, race and gender it can also be due to unemployment, homelessness, start income, poor mental health, locality, dysfunctional family, educational achievement, status in the society etc (SEU 2004).This group of people are said to be in a Cycle of Disadvantage ( Pope, Pratt and Hoyle, 1986). Article (136 and 137) of The (1997) Amsterdam Treaty was enacted in order to eliminate exclusion and promote economic and social cohesion. Social inclusion promotes integration and club cohesion, it builds the communities, promotes understanding and unity. Inclusive Education and Government LegislationAccording to (The 1944 Educational human activity) it initially stated that, childrens education should be based on their age, aptitude and ability. During the Act establishment, there was a philosophy that children with special need were to be able fit in the school rather than the school making homework to accommodate them before gaining admission into the mainstream school. The (1944 Act) was in use until 1974, when the Warnock Committee was set up to review the provision that was available for children with Special Educational guide.This committee which was headed by Mary Warnock lead to the publication of the 1978 Warnock Report. The Report cogitate that, they were about 20% of children in school population that might have Special Education Need and only 2% of which may require support in the mainstream school. The Warnock Report suggested that there should be a proper provision in place for children with Special Educational Need, which then will ensure that the 2% in mainstream school received the adequate provision.The 1978 Warnock Report had since lead to the enactment and development of various educations Act such as, (1981Education Act), (1993 Education Act), (1996 education Act) and the (2001 Special Educational Needs Disability Act) All these Acts listed above reinforces giving medications dedication and commitment to the fully inclusion of children with Special Education Needs into mainstream school and the society as a whole.Inclusive Education and AutismAbraham Maslow formed a theory on ones personality that has a great influence on education. In his theory of human need, he emphasized that, the student with education need that has a wish or desire to belong to a normal group, that de sire creates the motif to acquire new skills, which the student can only achieve in a learning milieu that is void of segregation. He further argued that the sense of belonging is the foundational need that that needs to be met in order to achieve the higher level self actualization.According to (Article 28) of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, it stated that every(prenominal) child has a right to education. No child should be discriminated, excluded or deprived on the butt of belonging to a particular group. Therefore Inclusive education can be defined as the integration of adults or children into mainstream school regardless their gender, age, disabilities, ethnicity, colour or impairment (Daniels and Garner 2000).Children with hidden disabilities care autism, which is a life time disability that affects the way a child communicates and interact within the society, are faced with difficulties of being fully included into mainstream school. Prior to the development of the Special Need Education, children with autistic spectrum were viewed under two models of disabilities, Medical or Social poser. These are ways how people viewed and acted towards people with disabilities.The Medical Model of Disability sees the illness in the person first and the individual second, this notion creates a bad and invalidating conception of disability (Cigman 2007). The Social Model of Disability sees the disenable person first before their illness. This model sees the person as an individual, different and unique, who has an equal rights and opportunities to education and other essentials of life. The model recognises the fact that a disable persons impairment does not regard him or her less than anyone else in the society.

The capsize screening value Essay Example for Free

The turn turtle screening observe EssayThis week Im asked to solve the following word problem in proportion to a real world radical formula. Problem 103 on pages 605-606 states To be considered safe for ocean sailing, the capsize screening value C should be less(prenominal) than 2 (www.sailing.com). For a boat with a disperse (or width) b in feet and chemise d in pounds, C is determined by the function C=4d(-1/3) b.Find the capsize screening value for the plaid 4100, which has a displacement of 23,245 pounds and a beam of 13. 5 feet.Solve this formula for d?The accompanying graph shows C in terms of d for the Tartan 4100 (b=13.5). For what displacement is the Tartan 4100 safe for ocean sailing? (Dugopolski, 2012).a) The first part of the problem requires that I alleviation the variables with their given values. I use up to find the value of C, which represents the capsize screening value. To do so, I need to replace d, the displacement value in pounds, with 23,245 and, also replace b, the beams width in feet, with 13.5. I do non need to convert the inches to feet using a decimal value because that was already done. By following the order of operations I first need to solve for the exponent in front multiplying across. The radical exponent of -1/3 means that I have to apply the reciprocatory of the cubed root of d and use that value within my multiplication. C=4d(-1/3) bCapsize formulaC=4(23245)(-1/3) (13.5)Replace variables with given values C=4(1/23245(1/3) )(13.5)Convert the reciprocal of the negative radical exponent C=4(1/28.539)(13.5)Factor the radical exponent, then the rational number (computed with a reckoner and then rounded to thousandths place) C=4(0.035)(13.5)Multiply all termsC=1.89Capsize screening value is less than 2 this boat is safe to sail. b) The second part of the problem asks that I solve the formula for d, the displacement value in pounds. Since I will use the same capsize formula, I will not replace any of the variables. I just need to convert the formula to solve for d.

Piri Thomas Alien House Essay Example for Free

Piri Thomas Alien House EssayThroughout the short story Alien Turf, Piri, a little Puerto Rican boy who just moved to an all-Italian neighborhood encounters many obstacles. Piri will show rejection and inadequacy. He gets teased, and beaten up, but still, he stays strong and acts older than he very is. At the exterminate of the story, Piri is encountered with a strong sense of kindness from Rocky, an Italian boy who had previously beaten him up. The boys realize that racism is only skin deep, but each person may be a kind, condole with human being. In the beginning of the story, all Rocky saw was a Puerto Rican invading his Italian neighborhood. consort to him, only Italians belonged in the neighborhood, and Puerto Ricans, want Piri and his family, should be ultimately banned. Racism is a belief that one guide is the primary determinant of human traits and capacities. Racial differences may produce an inherent superiority of a especial(a) race. Rocky fully lived by thi s in the beginning, and even throughout most of the story.What is compassion? According to the Merriam-Webster Dictionary, compassion is sympathetic consciousness of others distress together with a desire to alleviate it. Some other passel may see compassion as being sympathetic toward someone or something when they are assay or having some sort of problem. If this is what compassion means, then Rocky truly showed compassion for Piri at the end of the story.During the last fight that the Italian boys got into with Piri was when everything changed. One of the boys screamed to Piri from down the street, You even buying from us paisans, you must wantta be an Italians. Usually, he would just run away from them, but this day was different. Piri, sticking up for himself, screamed back to them, I wouldnt be a guinea on a motherfucking bet Rocky and his gang were shocked that he said this. The boys started fist fighting and Piri hit Tony in the stomach as hard as he could, watching him fa ll to the ground. Tony grabbed a handful of asphalt and threw it in Piris face. Rocky hit Tony in the face, cunning that his friend had crossed the line.Rocky showed compassion by sticking up for Piri. He took Piris hand saying,Comon kind, lemme borrow you home. Rocky recognized that yes, Piri was a little bit different because he was Puerto Rican, but he was as well a human being. He realized that racism is only skin deep, and everybody has feelings. Piri was also touched in this instant. He never would have thought that any of the boys, especially Rocky, the leader of the gang, would ever stick up for him. To his amazement, not only did Rocky yell at his friend, but he also threw a pit of punches at him.Compassion was displayed in this because Rocky new that even though he really didnt like the position that there was a little Puerto Rican boy that moved into his neighborhood, he could not dismiss the fact that what his friend did was wrong. He was going to help this little b oy out. Rocky experienced a accepted epiphany during this part of the story. His views about everything were disregarded in that instant when his friend threw the asphalt in Piris face. He knew that if they really wanted to, they could have beaten Piri up real bad since he couldnt see, but Rocky knew that it would not be a fair fight. Rocky also recognized the fact that Piri needed his compassion and flush in that instant, and that was exactly what he was going to do.

October Sky Essay Example for Free

October deliver EssayOctober Sky (1999) is one of those classic feel-good movies that leave its viewers feeling as though they argon cap adapted of anything with the right amount of effort. What makes this story in particular so compelling is that it is based on a true story. Homer Hickam, the films protagonist appeared to be only when another cod from Coalwood, West Virginia that was destined to spend his life in the mines. However, he and his friends end up building rockets, perusal physics and escaping the bleak future that lay before them. In the end, he and his friends Roy lee side and Quentin are able to leave the old mining town and acquire successful in their careers as engineers. My three dearie characters were Homer, Roy Lee, and Miss Rileythe teacher that went beyond the call of duty. Homer Hickam is such a likeable character because he is like everyman. He comes from a working class family, and does not seem to be a foretelling of any kind. Instead, he is pass ionate, ambitious and determined to go his own way in life, staying up fresh learning complex physics and mathematical problems and rocket design.Although his ambitions for his life differ remarkably from his becomes wishes for him, he demonstrates that it is possible to have total respect for someone anyway. In a conversation with his father he says, Dad, I may not be the best, but I come to conceptualise that I got it in me to be somebody in this world. And its not because Im so divers(prenominal) from you either, its because Im the same. I mean, I can be just as hardheaded, and just as tough. I only hope I can be as good a man as you.Sure, Werner von Braun is a great scientist, but he isnt my hero (Homer Hickam, October Sky). Roy Lee was the second rocket boy that also aspired to leave the town as he did not emergency to die of black lung disease as his father had. He always had a smart explanation for anything, mentioning that if they do not succeed in creating a rocket th at worked, that neither he nor his friends would ever become non-virgins. He also had a flair for making fun of Quentins hot gases. Though his belief endears him to the viewers, his motives for success are actually more common than Homers.While Homer wants to learn approximately engineering and live a better life, Roy Lee wants to succeed because it will most likely buy off him laid. His friendship with Homer was solid. Miss Riley is a small, supporting role in this drama, and her story is the most tragic. later teaching for a few years, she passed away from Hodgkins disease at the age of thirty-two. She was the main mogul behind Homers success as she encouraged the trio to enter the state knowledge fair and deepen their study of physics and mathematics, often working with them after hours.Now there is an portray created in her name because of her uncommon dedication. Although his father appeared to be the main antagonist of the story in ground of actively discouraging Home r from his quest, it becomes quickly apparent that he believes that it would be less painful for his boy if he would give up these dreams of space flight and settle down to more practical matters. Still, he comes across as difficult to like, he is authoritarian, aggressive, and completely unsupportive of his son.His wife and Homer both believe that the mine is his entire life and that he loves it more than his family. Unfortunately, the mines are one of the only places in the commonwealth where men can provide decently well for their families and it is unlikely that he had trained to do anything else. one of the few true movies around that show that one can succeed with a dream and a team of supportive people behind them, even in the most dire of circumstances. This is especially snappy because many true stories on the cinematic screen often have such tragic endings.

Crystal palace Essay Example for Free

Crystal rook EssayAlso, what bustling shows is that it is reason itself and mans ingeniousness that pr compensatet him from reducing life to a few moral principles. Paradoxes and countercurrent tendencies pervade the sympathetic mind, as it moves from good to evil. The Houyhnhnms would not be able to concept the complex society specific to humans. They pose no books, no systems of thoughts or philosophies. Their enlightened and immaculate state depends thus on minimal abstract thought and on a few righteous principles.The human society, by contrast, builds intricate systems that often contradict separate systems and philosophies. It is not only vice that is proper of human nature exclusively also curiosity and a perpetual thirst for familiarity. The Biblical myth of the first mans corruption through knowledge stands true in Gullivers narrative. The other societies that Gulliver meets in his travels point to the human tendency towards discovery solely also manipulation . Man hunts the truth besides also manipulates and interprets reality according to his own inner impulses.The Yahoos peg down as the servants of the Houyhnhnms is also very significant. They seem to represent humanity in its basest form, without the polish of civilization. The Houyhnhnm that houses Gulliver during his stay in their country remarks that this mixture of reason and vice makes the human race more dangerous and more herculean than mere brutality But when a creature pretending to reason could be capable of such(prenominal) enormities, he dreaded lest the corruption of that faculty might be worse than brutality itself (Swift 183).The Houyhnhnms cannot attain the proficient and scientific progress mastered by man because they do not manipulate truth and they do not know the meaning of power and corruption. By contrast, the dwarfish people of Lilliput manage to subdue Gulliver, disdain the fact that he is a giant among them. The human society can progress but it cannot succeed significantly in morality. The Houyhnhnms society is perfect because it is based on an economy of just ideas and principles.They cannot understand law-breaking as a concept and think it absurd because of its lack of improvement He was wholly at a loss to know what could be the use or necessity of practicing those vices (Swift 195). The utopian world cannot break to man because he is inevitably driven by feelings and passions that often do not conform to the joint moral standards. Moreover, the Houyhnhnms world is one where absolute truth dominates and there is no falsehood They have no word in their language to express lying or falsehood (Swift 187).This is also unattainable in the human society since man will always be biased because of his subjectivity. Overall, Swift shows that a utopian society is impossible for man on account of the inherent faults and particularities of the human spirit. Dostoevskys Notes from the Underground breachs a similar conception of the u topian society. According to the underground man, the human society will always construct ideal and fantastical worlds to escape from reality. The paradox is that man seems to be equally infatuated with both cheer and sufferance.The crystallisation palace represents the unattainable ideal that lives in the lofty regions of the human imagination. As a utopian representation, the palace is made of crystal precisely because it contains all the answers and no brains Then new economic relations will be established, all ready-made and worked out with mathematical exactitude, so that every possible question will vanish in the twinkling of an eye, simply because every possible answer to it will be provided. Then the Palace of Crystal will be built (Dostoevsky 69).This mathematical and transparent construction is a symbol for perfection and self-sufficiency. The palace does not harbor any doubts What would be the good of a palace of crystal if there could be any doubt about it? (Dostoevs ky 77) However, the human world is not even satisfied with its own ideals. The underground man believes resents that this ideal edifice cannot be mocked and derided You believe in a palace of crystal that can never be destroyed a palace at which one will not be able to put out ones tongue or make a long nose on the sly (Dostoevsky 77).The palace is therefore the object of mans desires for but also the object of his mockery. Dostoevsky puts forth the idea that the human world can never fit into the crystal palace with all its desires and aspirations although it can neither renounce this dream completely. As Swift had pointed out, man is lacerated between opposite principles, between sufferance and happiness and is unable to reduce his feelings to a few analog and uniform desires.Moreover, the ideal can be inconsistent with reality but man will bear on in his desires merely because it has an actuality for him But what does it matter to me that it is inconsistent? That makes no diff erence since it exists in my desires, or sort of exists as long as my desires exist. (Dostoevsky 78) Another issue that Dostoevsky emphasizes is that man will always pursue his ideals no matter how inadequate they are precisely because he is a complex being, entirely different from the animals.Dostoevsky gives as an example the basic necessity for shelter and compares a hen-house with the crystal palace You see, if it were not a palace, but a hen-house, I might creep into it to avoid getting wet, and yet I would not direct the hen-house a palace out of gratitude to it for keeping me dry (Dostoevsky 78). Man is not satisfied with mere principles of utility and economy. This idea is also identifiable in the representation of the utopian world of the Houyhnhnms, as already mentioned. The perfect world of the horses is content with a few basic and absolute principles that also serve the ideal of economy.both Swift and Dostoevsky show that man could not live in a utopian world. While Swift shows that man the utopian world could never be created by man because of the inherent vices that corrupt human nature, Dostoevsky points out that man would actually be dissatisfied if he inhabited an ideal society. The two authors reveal the essential aspects of the human nature and the human society, pointing out that man could not live in a utopian state although this will always be his ideal.Works CitedDostoevsky, Fyodor. Notes from the Underground. New York Macmillan, 1918. Swift, Jonathan. Gullivers Travels. New York Penguin, 1981.

Procter & Gamble Essay Example for Free

Procter Gamble EssayProctor and Gamble Co. is sending tv crews run by a small research firm in London, Everyday Lives, Ltd. , into about 80 homes worldwide to record peoples daily routines in the name of marketing research. PG believes that some people realize discriminating memory in focus groups and interviews, and some insights into consumer behavior may be lost. Camera crews pass on engender at the participants home when they wake up and not leave until they go to bed for a distance of four days. Cameras may not be manned at all times, and bedroom and bathroom activities will not be recorded.Families will be paid an undisclosed amount for their participation. PG wants to solve problems that their shoppers may not have known they had. For example, marketers discuss multitasking habits while watching a woman in Thailand make breakfast, black market her baby, and watch television simultaneously. The study will initially take place in the UK, Germany, and China since in that location be such major growth opportunities overseas. Project risks include people behaving abnormally in presence of the cameras, local privacy laws, searching hours of videotape for ideas, and producing successful products.PGs goal is to maintain a spacious video library that can be organized by key words, and will give a global perspective on something as simple as eating snacks. By stepping into the homes and lives of their audience PG has ensnare a way to have up to date tuition on the routine habits of the population of their hindquarters market and develop an intimate relationship with them by making themselves a part of the daily rituals that no one other then the individual may see. They will even be able to stick with the innate actions that a person may not even realize they do.Market conditions are continuously changing and having this live information will give PG the sufficient knowledge to develop a successful marketing strategy. They will also benefit by being able to see other products the families are buying to gain a perspective of the average budget people are able to chip in for similar goods. In the past this obtrusive plan of watching a persons every move would have been seen as crossing a line, or illegal, and participants would be hesitant to partake.The plan fits into modern society trends, however, where earth shows are amongst the highest rated programs on television. The intrusion is now acceptable, and even seen as somewhat glamorous, especially when a fiscal transaction is involved. In my opinion, PG will have a laborious task ahead of them, but the information from this market research has the prospect of yielding a host of innovative convenience products and goods.

Assessment Worksheet Essay Example for Free

Assessment Worksheet EssayDACL is a list of Access control entries it defines access control for substance abusers and groups. 2) wherefore would you add permissions to a group instead of the individual? What policy definition do you think is ask to support this type of access control implementation? When adding permissions to a group it constitutes it easier for a large government and just set up the access for the incisions, or job roles. Creating GPO is best use for this job. 3) List the 5 different access control permissions that kindle be changed on user folders and data within a Microsoft Windows Server. Full Control, Modify, select Execute, Read, Write, Special permissions. 4) What is the lowest level of permission you can enable for a user who must view the contents of a folder and its files? Why is this type of permission necessary? Read permission, this permission is necessary to allow the user of a group to get information of another department in the business . 5) What atomic number 18 other available Password form _or_ system of government options that could be enforced within a Microsoft Windows Server to improve security?Under account options you can pretend the user either interpolate and make their own password upon next logon, make it so they cannot change the password unless allowed to by admin, make the password expire or not, and enable two-sided encryption. 6) Is using the option to Store passwords using reversible encryption a good security practice? Why or why not? When should you enable the option to Store passwords using reversible encryption? It is known as not a convention practice, it is used for applications or programs to read the users password for permission to use.It stores the password as plain text, and used in last resort situations where there is no need to protect the password or other options argon outweighed for risk. 7) Whats the difference between a Local assort Policy and a Domain crowd Policy? Loca l Group Policy each computer has exactly one Group Policy object that is stored locally. This processes for both computer and user Group Policy processing. Domain Group Policy is a global setting for all groups in the domain. 8) In what order are all available Group Policies applied? There is the default applied, and new policies are applied after by linking to active directory.9) What is an administrative Template as it refers to Windows Group Policy Objects? Administrative templates can be used to have settings for users and what they can access on windows, programs etc. and can have folders redirected. By default some are enabled and have windows default settings. Templates can be useful for managing groups. 10) What is the GPMC? How can GPMC help ensure proper access controls are implemented correctly? The Group Policy Management Console unifies policies across a forest or enterprise in one console, and can easily create policies for groups and set their access.

Race-Specific Schools in Ontario Essay Example for Free

Race-Specific Schools in Ontario EssayThroughout the years Ontario has become a very multicultural province, meaning all enlightens argon multicultural. Recently the government of Ontario has thought about the idea of having schools that are race-specific. These schools would and be open for a specific race and base it on the abilities of that race. Could a school interchangeable this work in our multicultural society? There are many citizenry today that would non agree with this decision for many reasons. Society believes that these schools will not prepare students for the real area they are an old-fashion idea. The Canadian dream is to be multi-cultural but an inclusive place. This idea of race based schools is looked down upon in this society. People think that making schools for specific races will not prepare students when they enter the real world after finishing high school. Going to race-specific school students will only be taught about the culture, and business relationship of their own country. Also, they will be taught about the history of their race in Canada, and what their people have through with(p) that has impacted our history.This is not right because they need to learn about what every race did that impacted our history. Since we are now living in a multicultural county. Zanana Akande, an Ontario Legislature declaims on black focussed schools and says The military post in which we live, work and raise our kids is not a segregated one, it is an integrated one. When these students finish high school they will be so use to dealing with people of their own kind, it will be arduous for them to interact with others. Therefore these schools will not prepare them for the future in for university/collage and in the workplace.In all these institutions people are of all races, and cultures, so they need to learn how to treat, and speak to these people. The idea of having race-specific schools is archaic. In a modern multi-cultural soc iety this would be moving a step in the opposite direction. Ontario is onerous to move up culturally, but this would just move the province back. In many institutions they have programs that speak against racism, and try to prove that everyone is equal, and is able bodied to intake the same amount of knowledge and information.Making these schools would run back the racism into our country, and go against all these racism acts. This would bring us back into time, where racism was array of the norm. Students should be learning in an environment where they are surrounded by people of different race. Dalton Mcguinty speaks on black focused schools and says I think our shared responsibility is to look for ways to bring people together. (Toronto star). We should not be moving backwards, but rather move forward to a better arrangement and society.

Examining the Songs of Slavery In America Essay Example for Free

Examining the Songs of Slavery In America EssayFor some reason, the last poesy you hear on the radio always sticks in your head. Later in the day, you catch yourself telling itand you realize that its not even a tune that you like Fortunately for you, and unfortunately for entirely those around you, we can sing that meter, no matter who, including yourself, cares to hark to it. No whizz is going to punish you for the quirkiness that goes with having the guts to actu anyy sing a cry that the guy in the cubicle next to yours in force(p) busted up the radio for playing. Music is expose of our everyday lives.It is something that most of us guard never lived without. Something in a song empowers us, saddens us, angers us, and makes us square up in love. So many of us can link a special memory to a songand that 4-minute composition of articulates written by someone whom youve never even, met can take you prickle to that place, if for only a moment, and make you feel tha t way again. Songs are a way of animation for most of us, and they have been for many years. Today, we listen to songs freely. History, however, reveals that many of us were not born with the same emancipation. stand you imagine creation punished for enjoyousnessing music?For historys buckle down community, singing, humming, or listening to music was prohibited (Lang, p. 13). To hard worker owners, the practice of music portrayed a relaxed state for the knuckle down. Most matte up that carrying on with such nonsense would interfere with the slaves focus, resulting in poor performance. The opposite, however, was the outcome. When they were allowed to sing, the slave found joy in the day Crane/Fleming 2 (Watts, p. 1). Singing was an outleta way to say how they felt about their owners, the job being done, family, God, and about dreams for themselves.Originating during the Civil War slave days, singing soon caught on all over the South and beyond. It served both hidden and obvi ous purpose. Not only could a slave could sing a song, and feel relaxed performing assigned duties, a slave could also chant a song to communicate messages to associate degree slaves. So much secret lies behind this aged practice, and uncovering the mystery allow leave you appreciating the creativity utilized, whether you are of slave ancestry or not. If you have ever been to a traditional, majority Black church, you would walk out feeling energized.The energy exercised to convey Gods word is pretty unmatched by churches of other ethnicities. Its as if the Black community has been doing this for yearsand they have been. In early slave days, slaves were not allowed to read scriptures. Instead, they learned of God through white folk music church (Brown, p. 1). It was at these meetings that they listened to hymns, heard a few bible scriptures, and were t emeritus mind their masters. Soon, the slaves took it upon themselves to meet privately and reason God and what he had planned f or them.After the meetings, several would stay behind and ring shout, or chant songs about God and His plan for them. Foot tapping and hand acclaimping were accompanied by paced singing, and as the song continued, the pace would increase (Watt, p. 1). Men and women slaves became so involved in the chanting that they would collapse in emotion to the ground. Ministers were disturbed by this unusual behavior and soon banned the practice of ring shouts. It was at these early gatherings when the historical slave songs evolved. The very nature in which they are practiced lead back end to the days of ring shouts.Soon, the topics of the shouts veered from being only about God, and began to include chants of hopes, prayers, and displays of confidence. Crane/Fleming 3 In the movie, repute (Zwick, 1989) the men of the Fifty-fourth prepare to fight by performing a ring shout to bear hopes of success against the men they will soon face. These black men, formerly slaves, start slow and humble , and soon roar to a fast paced shout of faith in God, love of family, and belief in each other. Hands clap and legs are slapped for rhythm. This vista in the movie portrays the sole possession these men have to hold on to each other.With a bit of encouraging, one soldier is assisted by another to not vindicatory say his hopes for the battles outcome, but to demand them with confidence that his prayers will be answered. Although Hollywood glamorized this scene with em tollishments such as a pre-determined beat and a chorus, this type of shouting is how it all began. Knowing how it all began leaves us with the need to know why it all began. Why did slave songs (Ware, Allen, and Garrison, p. I) become such a big part of history? No other group in history utilized song the way that historys slave did.Not only did singing pass the day, but singing helped the slave to identify with themselves. Bringing God into the lyrics, they taked biblical images (Silverman, p. 79) of who they compa red themselves to during biblical times. some(prenominal) compared themselves to Moses, and sang of leading all slaves to freedom, mediocre as Moses conduct the Israelites from Pharaohs captivity. This gave the slaves hope. Soon, this boost of hope led to singing songs about what it would be like when they were free. In Slavery Chain Done Broke at Last (Silverman, p. 83), the slave sings of how freedom is abound.He is sure to thank God, and vows to continue telling God his problems, in hopes of receiving more help when needed. In other songs, such as Oh, Freedom, (Ware, Allen and Garrison, p. 33), slaves give thanks at the end of a long and unplayful journey to freedom. On the other side of serious purpose, slave songs were not always sung just to say thanks. They were also sung as a way to Crane/Fleming 4 entertain, just as directlys music does for us. A good example of this is Now Let Me travel (Brown, p. 1), where slaves sing of African people who could fly.Songs like these were loved by children, as their imaginations soared with images of flying people. except along with singing about being thankful and creating silly images for children, these songs served another purposeperhaps the most all-important(a) purpose of all they served as a form of communication among the slaves (Johnson and Johnson, p. 18). Slaves lived a hard life. Along with being owned by another human being, the slaves owner employed harsh rules for the slave to live by. One of these rules was that they were owned property, and could not leave on their own accord to be a free person (Watts, p.1). Discussions of being free were punishable by whipping, beating and starving the slave. The slave was squeeze to create a way to communicate ploys to operate, warnings of a masters mood, new slaves joining the old slaves, and many other issues in code. The slave song was the perfect way to convey messages without being discovered. Many of the slaves work songs were composed out of sheer desperation to warn others of trouble ahead, or to keep an escape attempt from getting botched. Let Us Break Bread Together (Allen, Ware, and Garrison, p.34) allowed fellow slaves to know about meetings to be held in the early morning hours (before sunrise) to discuss concerns, share prayers, and plan an escape. These meetings were held remote earlier than the masters waking hours. Plans were do, escape routes were decided, and updates on other slaves escape attempts were provided. Later in the day, in the fields, around the house, or where ever else work was to be done, the slaves sang their songs, inconspicuously passing messages to one another. Other songs, such as No More Auction Block for Me (Johnson and Johnson, p.20) conveyed a message of weariness of a slaves hope. This song was often sung under ones breath, during or Crane/Fleming 5 almost immediately after being beaten. One slave could often recognize the beaten slaves mouth movements, and gather the support of fellow s laves to raise new hope if the beating was survived. Happy, sad, useful, or light-hearted, the hidden messages of these songs were understood among all those who sang or listened to them. Although fictive in nature, and almost ingenious in creation, these songs were recorded in words for us to read today in the exact format in which they were written.It is interesting to read some of the lyrics of these songs, spelling included, particularly because these songs were written down exactly the way they were spoken. The spoken English of some slaves could be somewhat choppy, and sometimes uncontrollable to understand. Though the message is clear, songs such as Hear from Heaven Today (Allen, Ware and Garrison, p. 2) display a perfect example of how the words of the song were to be pronounced a baby born in Bethlehem, and I yearde De trumpet sourd in the oder bright land My name is called and I mus go De bell is a-ringin in de oder bright worldMy brudder, my brudder Joseph and sista Ma ry -Anonymous Though some are difficult to read, the authenticity of unchanged lyrics links us to a part of history not to be misunderstood. While the level of nurture is evident, what can be proven is that slaves were absolutely not ignorant people. Sometimes the subject matter of a song is simple. An example of this can be found in Git De Chores Done (Brown, p. 1). The slave sings, Did you fly the coop my cow? Yes, Maam. Will you tell-a me how? Yes, Maam. Oh, what did you give her? Cawn and hay. Oh, what did you give her? Cawn and hay. -Anonymous Crane/Fleming 6 The slave was encouraged by something as simple as a brief conversation between him and the slaves owner to create a song that added motivation to the days duty. On the other side of the work song (Watt, p. 1) is a song far more complex. Codes were often sent through songs. In Get Dem Chilen infrastructure (Brown, p. 1), the slave sings of certain obstacles to look out for Take overcareful when you turn dat con er. He waitin fo you, waitin fo you, always watchin. Get Dem Chilen Home by way of dem hills, But take careful when you turn dat coner. -Stephen FosterIn history, no other group of people made full use of song the way the slaves did (Watt, p. 1). Not only did they sing about what they did, they saved lives and led each other to freedom. Their songs changed what we know about history in a colorful way. Love it or not, music and song are here to stay. We have the great fortune to do with it what we will. Some will choose to listen, and others will choose to write. We may never again do with song what the slaves did with it, and thats o. k. But who knowsmaybe one day our childrens children will be writing a paper on what people of our time did to change music and song forever.

A Review On Alcoholic Detection From EEG Signals

A Review On intoxi guttertic Detection From pneumoencephalogram SignalsAbstract This review c everyplaces advances of the past decade, in the development of encephalogram taper impact algorithms for boozer detection. In recent years, mixed computational approaches break been proposed to detect alcoholic drinkic beverageism from pneumoencephalogram recordings. In this write up, we review some of those approaches, and discuss their limitations and potential In part I, an introduction to the opinion of alcohol on electroencephalogram is discussed briefly. We review some of the known personal heart and souls of alcohol on EEG sign up in part II. some of the exiting state of the art aim process techniques for alcoholic detection in EEG recordings argon discussed in part III. A review of various signal processing rules utilise to classify alcoholics and reckons is done. The potential and limitation of much(prenominal)(prenominal) computational approaches atomic number 18 discussed in part IV. A fend forchat on the potential spend of EEG as a biomarker for alcoholism and as a volume screening tool is excessively discussed .At the end of the paper, we conclude by briefly addressing the future challenges and open problems in part V.PART IIntroductionAlcoholism is a social bane that is affecting the merciful life in all aspects. Not solely it causes deadening to the humane instinct and other organs of the body in various styluss, it too brings about a lot of difficulties and discomfort to an alcoholic person in his/her social life. A lot of research has gone into finding the ill do and the accomplishment to which it restoration the human body. Some of the harmful effects take lack of coordination between body and mind, sledding of vision, imbalance in walking, incoherent speech, holding slips, depression to name a few. These effects give the axe be observe afterwards only a few drinks and they may vanish once the person gives up boozing. However a person who is addicted to alcohol addiction large quantities of alcohol for a large snip may be abnormal with these effects that persist for a ampleer metre and wickedly distress one or more organs of the body. The way in which alcohol affects the head word and the probable change of mind of the ill effects cause by heavy drinking on the brain still remain as hot topics in alcohol research 1.Some of the factors that catch the uttermost to which alcohol affects the brain are i) quantity and how frequently a person drinks ii) the age of the subject at which the garment of drinking started and how long it is being continued iii) subjects age, education, gender, ancestral predisposition and family history of alcoholism iv) hazard of prenatal exposure and the boilersuit health condition47.Heavy drinking not only affects the human brain notwithstanding it to a fault damages other vital organs of the body. It is also put in that young-bearing(prenomin al)s are more affected than males in the way the alcohol consumption damages the various organs of the body. For example, a few years of heavy drinking in women cause cirrhosis 48 cardiomyopathy 49 and nerve damage 50 than in alcoholic men. However, the studies on esthesia of females brain to alcohol-induced brain damage as compared with males, yield not shown any conclusive go aways 1. Alcohol white plague combined with poor general health condition or with severe liver disease causes damage to the human brain in an indirect manner. For example, antiberiberi factor deficiency is common in people with alcoholism which is a result of poor overall nutrition 1.A large percentage of alcoholics suffer from thiamine deficiency and some may even develop severe brain disorders such(prenominal) as 51 Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome (WKS) 52. The symptoms of WKS include mental confusion, oculomotor disturbances and difficulty with muscle coordination, forgetfulness and frustration and view difficulty with walking and coordination 53 .One of the organs that severely gets affected by long term alcohol consumption in large quantities is the liver. In a person with a history of heavy long-term drinking, the liver s function is to disruption alcohol into harmless(prenominal) by-products and flush them out of the body. However, the liver may get damaged due to profligate alcohol intake, leading to liver cirrhosis. This condition of the liver can harm the brain, leading to a potentially fatal brain disorder called hepatic encephalopathy 54.Some of the effects of Hepatic encephalopathy are disturbances in sleep patterns, mood swings, personality changes, anxiety, depression, attention deficits, difficulty in coordination like shaking of the hands ( asterixis). In the worst case, patients may slip into coma ( hepatic coma), which can lead to death. It is indeed difficult to rent these effects as related to hepatic encephalopathy. New tomography techniques assist researche rs to employment specific regions of brain in such patients, which helps them in knowing exactly how hepatic encephalopathy progresses. The studies have confirmed that at least ii toxic substances, ammonia and manganese are responsible for the development of hepatic encephalopathy. The severely damaged liver cells allow these harmful toxic products to enter the brain, which in turn harms the brain cells.Alcohol consumption during pregnancy may lead to physical, learning, and behavioural problems in the developing fetal brain. The most serious of these problems is the fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). Children with FAS may have distinct facial features 1. FAS infants growth may be lesser than average. They may suffer from microcephaly. In infants with this syndrome, only a fewer neurons may be present or a fewer neurons may function properly. This will lead to problems in learning and behaviour for a long term.All alcoholics do not experience the ill effects of alcohol consumption in a equal manner to the corresponding extent. The source of the disease may be dis alike for different patients. This makes it difficult to pinpoint any one parameter as responsible for the brain disorders found in alcoholics. That is why, one of the active areas of research is to field of operation why some patients are vulnerable to brain deficits charm others are not 55.Most alcoholics suffering from cognitive disorder improve in the structure and process of the brain within a year of abstinence 56-58.This may not be true in all cases. Therefore clinicians must devise different types of treatment systems to cater to different patients. They use brain-imaging techniques to determine the course and progress of treatment over a period of time. Researchers use imaging methods such as magnetised resonance imaging (magnetic resonance imaging), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), positron emission tomographical recordy ( caress), and electrophysiological brain mapping. These methods exit precise and accurate information on structural, functional and biochemical changes in patients brain over time. Sometimes, ii or more brain imaging methods are employ together to correlate the results and monitor when a chronic alcoholic patient stops drinking and again after long periods of sobriety ,the possibility of relapse of the drinking habit in the patient 59.The process of memorization and retrieval depend on factors such as attention and motivation 60. MRI of brain assist the physicians to study the effects of long time abstinence from alcohol on memory and attention, as well as changes that take get in when drinking habit relapses. The aim of these studies is to differentiate between the alcohol-induced permanent effects on the brain and those which are reversible with abstinence. PET imaging assists researchers to visualize, in the living brain, the damages associated with heavy alcohol consumption 61. This also enables scientists to analyse alcohols effects on neurotransmitter systems, brain cell metabolism and blood flow within the brain. These studies on alcoholics have shown the frontal lobe disorders, which are responsible for various functions associated with learning and memory and deficits in cerebellum which say-sos movement and coordination. PET can also be utilise for monitoring the effects of alcoholism treatment on the affected parts of the brain and may give new directions in developing medications to rectify the chemical deficits found in the brains of people with alcohol dependence.Numerous studies have shown the ill effects of alcohol on the human brain by observing and analysing the electroencephalogram (EEG) of the alcoholic subject and compared with that of a control subject. Electroencephalography (EEG) is a straightforward non invasive tool that records the brains electrical signals by placing electrodes on the scalp. These signals show real-time activity as it occurs in the brain. more studies have shown that the effect of alcohol on the human brain can be perceive by processing the recording the EEG of an alcoholic subject. The single channel EEG recordings of a control and an alcoholic subject are as shown in fig 1.It can be observed that the time serial EEG data of both control and alcoholic subjects are not cl archean apparent to the bare human center of attention. However, with the help of certain signal processing techniques either in the time landed estate or frequency domain or time-frequency domain or spatial domain techniques, the latent features can be extracted to identify the effects of alcohol on the human brain. As an illustration, the PSDs of the EEG of both control and alcoholic subject are as shown in fig2. From this it is very clear that the agent contained in various frequency components are different for both control and alcoholic subjects.CUsersMUDocumentsMATLABeeg_epilep_codestime_series_data.jpg CUsersMUDocumentsMATLABeeg_epilep_codespsd_c_a.jpgFig 1.Time serie s EEG data of control Fig2. PSD plot of EEG of controland alcoholic subjects and alcoholic subjectsMany alcoholic men have low bounteousness of their P3 components (fig 3). P3 bountifulnesss in alcoholic women reduce to a lesser extent than in men. The uniqueness of the reduction in P3 component among other symptoms is that even after the patient drops the habit of drinking alcohol, this reduction in P3 persists63.Therefore this parameter can be thought of as a biomarker for alcohol dependence rather than an effect of alcohol consumption. There are many studies conducted on the reduced P3 amplitudes of girlish people who are not exposed to alcohol but their fathers being alcoholics 64, 65.Therefore, P3 can be apply as biomarkers to help recognizing people who may be at greatest risk for developing problems with alcohol.graphFig 3 . P3 amplitude in control and alcoholic subjects (Courtesy1)Compared to other imaging methods discussed above, electrophysiological methods such as EEG processing for detection of alcoholics has a lot to offer in terms of mobility and cost involved. thence it can be employ as a mass screening tool for the underprivileged with a history of alcoholism.PART IIEffect of Alcohol on EEG recordingsStudies have shown that some of the major effects of alcohol on EEG are i) enlargement of frontal prohibit occipital thrive component ii) increase in ventricular and sulcal CSF volumes iii) reduction in p300 component iv)Reduction in pre frontal cortical excitability v)Reduction in the amplitude of Error related negativity vi) sate drinking effect on and fast riffles vii) Reduction in the power of EEG signal in frontal region and sweetening of waves . viii) high and power in the resting EEG, abnormalities in eye movements, in saccadic inhibition during antisaccade tasks.These effects, however, are not ever easily detectable. There tends to be a large variability from patient to patient. As a result, none of these phenomena allow a t present to reliably detect the effect of alcohol at an early stage. Many recent studies have concentrated on how to improve the sensitivity of EEG for detecting alcoholism. In the quest we briefly review some of these studies.A. Enlargement of frontal controvert occipittal wave componentWay back in 1990, Jerald Varner et al., inform a study of alcoholic organic syndrome patients victimization the occipital wave components of the cause related potential (ERP) as an electrophysiological parameter 3. The study was conducted on normal, Korsakoff, and alcoholic dementia patients. The frontal negative occipital wave was observed to be increased in alcoholic organic brain syndrome patients and it was reason that it was probably due to an attention deficit, indicating a probable frontal lobe disfunction.B. Increase in ventricular and sulcal CSF volumesAdolf Pfefferbaum et al., 4 quantified brain cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) volumes derived from computed tomography (CT) in alcoholics and controls. The results showed that the ventricular and sulcal CSF volumes in alcoholic patients were greater than was expected for their age. This also proved the previous results receiveed from a similar study using CT and MRI showing greater vulnerability of the aging brain to alcohol. The absolute ventricular volumes were similar in MRI and CT, while MRI results showed larger sulcal volume estimates than the CT. It was concluded that MRI slice thickness and its resolution to partial volume effects led to this increase in sulcal volume estimate.C. Reduction in p300 componentShirley Y. Hill et al., studied the effect of alcohol on the p300 component 9 .According to this study , it was found that only patients(female) with comorbid depression had a reduced p300 amplitude ,while there was no difference in other alcoholic and control subjects(male and female) . From this study, it was also concluded that the P300 amplitude reduction seen in children prone to developing alcoholism seem s to represent a delay in neuron development that normalizes as they grow into adulthood.In another similar study, Michio Hada et al., used bootstrap abstract method in which P3a current source concentration (CSD) maps showed distinct topographic mapping between alcoholics and control subjects in all the brain regions 10. More sources and sinks were seen in the alcoholics than in the control subjects for P3a. The reduced P3a amplitude and sinks in alcoholics conjugate with less specificity in their CSD maps, suggested disorganized less efficient functioning of the brain. This suggests a probable underlying central nervous system hyper excitability in alcoholics due to cortical disinhibition .D. Reduction in pre frontal cortical excitabilitySeppo Kahkonen et al. 13, reported the effects of alcohol on the prefrontal cortex in nine intelligent subjects using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) activated electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. Changes in EEG activity lasting up to 270 ms digest stimulus were observed as a response to activation by TMS. The changes were observed more conspicuously at anterior electrodes suggesting the reduction in excitability in the prefrontal cortex due to alcohol.E. Reduction in the amplitude of Error related negativityA study by Clay B Holroyd et al., indicated that alcohol consumption reduces the amplitude of the error-related negativity (ERN)14 component of the event related potential(ERP), a sharp negative going signal that occurs in the EEG at the instant when an incorrect motor response starts ( ie.,error commission).F. Binge drinking effect on and fast wavesKelley E Courtney et al. evaluated the spiritual power in the and fast waves of EEG recordings of young undergraduate university students who varied in their teardrop drinking history 18.The aim of the study was to dispose the effects of binge drinking on central nervous system(CNS) neuroelectric activity in male and female undergraduate subjects. The EEG recordings of these subjects showed enhanced spiritual power in the (0-4 Hz) and fast- (20-35 Hz) bands for the high-binge drinkers. Although the dependence of fast- power on binge drinking still remains unclear, the change in fast- power indicates that EEG spectral pattern of high-binge drinkers is similar to that of alcoholics. This study indicated that the relative enhancement in fast- power may be used as a biomarker for potential future alcoholism even in the absence of familial alcoholism.G.Effect on , , waves ,eye movement disorders and saccadic inhibitionWu Di et al., discussed the change in the power of EEG signal in various parts of the brain after consuming alcohol , resulting in harmful effects on different parts of the brain and the body19. It was observed that while in the frontal region the power of the EEG signal decreased with the increase in the quantity of alcohol intake, the power of the EEG signal in central, occipital region increased. This study also re vealed that while in the frontal region, the alcohol intake caused a transformation in the fast wave with decrease in the power of EEG signal, the fast wave reduced with an increase in the power of EEG signal in the central and occipital region. It was also observed that while the effect of alcohol in the frontal region indicated nerve stimulation of alcohol in this part, making drinkers to become disturbed after alcohol intake, in the central and occipital region, the effect of alcohol consumption led to an repressive action on the neuron cells, resulting in the weakening of the body coordination and eyesight. Further it was noted that increase in alcohol intake resulted in waves generation and gradual enhancement as the subjects were in state of somnolence and the central nervous system(CNS) of the subjects was inhibited. At the same time, and waves were seen to gradually enhance and the region of these waves expanded after consuming alcohol. The study also indicated that the correlation between parts of brain decreased gradually because the clustering of the EEG signal was separated gradually into small clusters with increased alcohol intake. From this observation, it was concluded that too much drinking may lead to the decrease of balance, stability between the parts of the brain.S. Campanella et al., 41, studied various physiological parameters such as continuous EEG, oculomotor measures, cognitive ERPs and event-related oscillations that are affected in chronic alcoholic patients compared to healthy controls. This study was aimed at identifying links between these physiological parameters, altered cognitive processes and specific clinical symptoms. The result of their study showed(1) high of import and theta power in the resting EEG, suggesting hyperarousal of CNS (2) abnormalities in smooth pursuit eye movements, in saccadic inhibition during antisaccade tasks, and in prepulse inhibition, suggesting disturbed attention and abnormal prefrontal inhi bitory cortical dysfunction (3) decreased amplitude for cognitive ERPs situated along the continuum of information processing, suggesting that alcoholism is associated with neurophysiological deficits at the aim of the sensory cortex and not only disturbances involving associable cortices and limbic structures and (4) decreased theta, gamma and delta oscillations, suggesting cognitive disinhibition at a functional level.Ajayan Padmanabhapillai et al.,71 investigated the early evoked gamma band response in male adolescents at high risk and at low risk mathematical groups for a visual stimulus. The results indicate that the deficient early evoked gamma band response may indicate the risk of development of alcoholism and could be a potential bio marker for future addiction to alcoholism.David A. Kareken et al., 72 used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to determine how family history affects the brains response to subjects preferred alcoholic drink odours (AO) as compared to appetitive control odours (ApCO). This study suggested that a family history of alcoholism and brain exposure to alcohol odour in heavy drinkers differentially affect the way in which brain responds to alcohol cues.H.Whole-genome connexion study on EEG waves mutant in resting EEG is associated with common, complex psychiatric diseases such as alcoholism, schizophrenia and anxiety disorders although it can not be used as a diagnostic tool for any of them. Such traits appear to be dependent on the underlying molecular processes than on clinical symptoms, and points to an alternative method for the identification of genetic variation that characterize complex psychiatric disorders. Colin A. Hodgkinsona et al.,39, performed a whole-genome association study on alpha (), beta (), and theta () EEG power in a Native American cohort of 322 individuals to maintain the genetic and environmental homogeneity of this population. Three genes SGIP1, ST6GALNAC3 and UGDH were nominally associate d to variability of or power. SGIP1 was estimated to account for 8.8 % of variance in power and this association was replicated in US Caucasians, where it accounted for 3.5% of the variance. Bayesian analysis of prior probability of association based upon earlier linkage to chromosome 1 and enrichment for vesicle-related transport proteins established the genuineness of the association of SGIP1 with power. It was also found that the association of SGIP1 with alcoholism provides cogent evidence of the use of EEG as an endo phenotype for alcoholism.I.Effect of alcohol on facilitation effectThe aim of this study by P. Maurage et al., 32, was to study cross modal (auditory-visual) processing while the subjects were given an emotional stimuli and specifically the auditory-visual facilitation effect. Twenty patients suffering from alcoholism, and 20 healthy controls were asked to identify the emotion (anger or happiness) displayed by auditory, visual or auditory-visual stimuli. The stimuli were designed to elicit a facilitation effect (namely, faster reaction times (RTs) for crossmodal condition than for unimodal ones).It was observed that the alcoholics showed less significant facilitation effect compared to their healthy counterparts.This lack of facilitation effect may be used as a biomarker for an impaired auditory-visual processing in alcoholics.PART IIII. Signal processing techniques for detection of alcoholism in EEG signalThe Electroencephalogram (EEG) is a bio signal containing information about the state of the brain. The latent information present in the EEG signal may not be visible for the human expert and any problematic variations hence cannot be observed and monitored as and when it occurs. Especially in the time series EEG data, problematical variations can not be perceived by human eye. In such a blot the computational approach becomes very important to extract any such micro variations in the EEG recording, containing significant informat ion about the status of any pathology present. Also, since EEG is an inexpensive method and due to its portability, it can be used as a powerful mass screening tool.EEG signals are the signatures of skittish activities. They are captured by multiple-electrode either invasively or non-invasively, over the cortex under the skull, or certain locations over the scalp, and can be recorded in different formats. The signals are normally presented in the time domain, but by applying simple signal processing tools such as the Fourier transform to perform frequency analysis and some imaging tools to visualize EEG topographies , the brain activities can be visualized in frequency or spatial domains respectively. Various time domain, frequency domain, time-frequency methods, statistical signal processing technique such as Wavelet transform 5, Recurrent Neural network 6, nonlinear systems 7, logistic regression 8, spectral densities of DWT coefficients 16, etc., and chaotic signal processing te chniques 2 are used to study the pathology of brain such as epilepsy. These techniques are also used to classify between alcoholic, non-alcoholic and epileptic subjects. In recent years, several research groups have started investigating the potential of electroencephalograms (EEGs) for detecting alcoholism and study the short term and long term effects on the brain. There have been many algorithms developed so far for processing EEG signals. Some of the operations include time-domain analysis, frequency-domain analysis, spatial-domain analysis, and multiway processing. Also, several algorithms have been developed to visualize the brain activity from images reconstructed from only the EEGs. Separation of the desired sources from the multisensor EEGs has been another research area. This can later lead to the detection of brain abnormalities such as epilepsy and the sources related to various physical and mental activities. In this section, some of the signal processing techniques em ploy to EEG signal for the detection of alcoholism is reviewed.A. Extraction of spectral band power and parametric methodsOng, Kok Mang et al, have shown that VEP (visually evoked potential) could be influenced by long term alcohol abuse 20. The power spectral density of the recorded VEP was estimated using Burg algorithm (parametric analysis) and the extracted Gamma band power was used as features to train the aflutter network to classify the alcoholics and non-alcoholics. The authors claim that classification result of 97.50% trueness has been achieved, to discriminate alcoholics from non-alcoholics.Kok-Meng Ong et al., have proposed Principal dowery Analysis (PCA) method for the optimisation of the selection of a sub assemble of channel for single trial Visual elicited Potentials (VEP) signals 23. The proposed method was successful in optimizing a subset of channels that guaruntees high classification accuracy of alcoholics and non-alcoholicsAnother similar study by Ramaswa my Palaniappan et al., show that the difference of VEP signals between alcoholics and non-alcoholics can be observed using two spectral power ratios in gamma band (37-50 Hz) extracted from seven channels. This result implies that gamma band spectral power could be used as a biomarker on the lasting effects of long-term use of alcohol on visual response though the studied alcoholics have been abstinent for a borderline period of 1 month. Here Genetic algorithm (GA) is used to optimize the selection of subset of the feature set and classification is done with Fuzzy ARTMAP (FA) classifier 11, using VEP signals. The seven spectral bands of VEP signals are extracted using infinite nerve impulse response (IIR) band-pass filters with constant gain and uniform bandwidth. Spectral power in these bands is calculated using Parsevals theorem and used as features to train the FA and ML-BP classifiers. The proposed technique discriminates alcoholics from non-alcoholics with high accuracy.In con tinuation of the previous work, Ramaswamy Palaniappan et al., in their work have derived second order autoregressive (AR) coefficients 21 to discriminate alcoholics using single trial gamma band Visual evoked Potential (VEP) signals using 3 different classifiers Simplified Fuzzy ARTMAP (SFA) neural network (NN), Multilayer-perceptron-back propagation (MLP-BP) NN and elongated Discriminant (LD) function . Here elliptic filtering was used in the gamma band spectral range on single trial VEP signals. The average classification errors of 2.6%, 2.8% and 11.9% were obtained from LD, MLP-BP and SFA classifiers. The high accuracy of LD classification results show the effectiveness of the proposed method to discriminate between alcoholic subjects and controls. Several improvements were proposed to previous work of automated classification of alcoholics and non-alcoholics 24 by the same author. In the previous paper, MLP-NN classifying energy of gamma band VEP signals gave the best classific ation performance using 800 VEP signals from 10 alcoholics and 10 non-alcoholics. Here, the dataset was extended to include 3560 VEP signals from 102 subjects 62 alcoholics and 40 non-alcoholic. The classification performance was improved by i) change magnitude the gamma band spectral range ii) Multiple Signal Classification algorithm was used to obtain the power of the dominant frequency in gamma band VEP signals for feature extraction iii) the use of the k nearest neighbour classifier. The performance was validated by a 10-fold cross validation classification. Modification resulted in an improvement in the classification percentage from 94.49% to 98.71% in maximum averaged CVC accuracy.In this paper by Ramaswamy Palaniappan 30, a method is proposed to discriminate chronic alcoholic from non-alcoholic subjects while the subjects were sober. Energies of EEG signals in multiple gamma bands were used as features while the subjects were asked to do a picture recognition task .A neural network was used for classifying chronic alcoholic subjects from controls. Leave one out cross validation strategy revealed that alcoholics could be discriminated from non-alcoholics with accuracy of 94.55%. This study shows that the energy in gamma band spectral energy can be used as a biomarker for screening of alcoholics.The classification of chronic alcoholics from non-alcoholics using the EEG is studied in this paper by A Shahina et al., 27.Weighted Linear Prediction Cepstral Coefficients were extracted from the VEP and used as discriminating feature vectors. Auto associative neural network was used to classify these vectors into alcoholics and non alcoholics. A recognition accuracy of 52.5% is achieved. This shows that all the 64 channels do not have the same discriminatory attributes causing a reduction in the accuracy levels. Hence the authors conclude that in order to improve the classification performance, there is a need for the optimization of the number of channels to be considered for classification.In this study by Tugce Balli et al., 31, they investigated the electrophysiological differences between alcoholic and control subjects using two different approaches namely complexity and energy analysis. The EEG data used in this study were recorded from 77 alcoholic and 44 control subjects while the subjects were performing delayed matching to prove object recognition task for three types of stimuli. The experimental paradigm evokes object recognition, visual short-term memory and decision making abilities. The results indicated that all regions (i.e. frontal, central, temporal, parietal and occipital) in the brain exhibit more complexity and less energy for alcoholic subjects as compared to controls. When different visual stimuli pairs were compared among alcoholic and control subjects, the results from energy analysis showed group wise differences in occipital and parietal regions. These results provide a strong indication on the hurt in brains electrophysiological activity for alcoholic subjects due to a history of long term alcohol abuse. degenerative alcoholism is classically associated with major deficits in the visual and auditory processing of emotions. However, the cross modal (auditory-visual) processing of emotional stimuli, which occurs most frequently in everyday life, has not yet been explored.